1. FUNGI

2. YOU MUST KNOW… THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF FUNGI IN MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS, AND AS DECOMPOSERS AND PARASITIC PLANT PATHOGENS

3. CONCEPT 31.1
FUNGI ARE HETEROTROPHS THAT FEED BY ABSORPTION

4. EUKARYOTES
MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS THAT OBTAIN NUTRIENTS BY ABSORPTION
SECRETE HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES, DIGEST FOOD OUTSIDE THEIR BODIES, AND ABSORB THE SMALL MOLECULES

5. CELL WALLS MADE OF CHITIN
BODIES ARE COMPOSED OF FILAMENTS CALLED HYPHAE
THAT ARE ENTWINED TO
FORM THE MYCELIUM
HYPHAE ARE DIVIDED INTO CELLS BY SEPTA
REPRODUCE BY SPORES
NUTRITION MODES INCLUDE DECOMPOSERS, PARASITES, AND MUTUALISTS

6. CONCEPT 31.4
FUNGI HAVE RADIATED INTO A DIVERSE SET OF LINEAGES

7. FUNGI – 5 PHYLA
ZYGOMYCOTA (ZYGOTE FUNGI) – TERRESTRIAL – INCLUDE FAST-GROWING MOLDS, PARASITES, COMMENSAL SYMBIONTS
ASCOMYCOTA (SAC FUNGI) – PRODUCE SEXUAL SPORES IN SAC-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED ASCI – INCLUDE YEASTS AND SORDARIA
BASIDIOMYCOTA (CLUB FUNGI) – INCLUDE MUSHROOMS- IMPORTANT DECOMPOSERS

8. CONCEPT 31.5
FUNGI PLAY KEY ROLES IN NUTRIENT CYCLING, ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS, AND HUMAN WELFARE

9. IMPORTANT DECOMPOSERS OF ORGANIC MATERIAL INCLUDING CELLULOSE AND LIGNIN
MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT ROOTS AND IMPROVES THE DELIVERY OF MINERALS TO THE PLANT (MUTUALISM)
LICHENS – SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISMS (ALGAE) EMBEDDED IN A NETWORK OF FUNGAL HYPHAE
30% OF FUNGI ARE PARASITES