Chapter 10: The Nature of Work Groups and Teams Understanding And Managing Organizational Behavior 4th Edition Chapter 10: The Nature of Work Groups and Teams JENNIFER GEORGE & GARETH JONES

Chapter Objectives Describe the different types of work groups and the difference between a group and a team Appreciate the characteristics of work groups and their effects on the behavior of group members Describe how groups control their members through roles, rules, and norms

Chapter Objectives Appreciate the need for conformity and deviance in groups and why and how group goals need to be aligned with organizational goals Understand the socialization process and how socialization tactics can result in an institutionalized or an individualized role orientation

Opening Case: Hummer’s Winning Team How can a team achieve fantastic results with very limited resources? Composition of H2 team Vast experience Low in risk avoidance High commitment levels

When Is A Group A Group? Interactivity Mutual Goal

Types of Work Groups Formal Work Groups Command groups Task forces Teams Self-managed work teams

Types of Work Groups Informal Work Groups Friendship groups Interest groups

Five-Stage Model of Group Development Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning

Work Group Characteristics Group size Group composition Group status Group function Group efficacy Social facilitation

How Large Should A Group Be? Benefits of Small Groups Regular interaction Ease of sharing information Recognition of individual contributions to group Strong identification with group Higher group satisfaction Benefits of Large Groups More resources Division of labor

Table 10.2 Group Composition Benefits of Homogeneous groups Collegiality amongst group members Information sharing Low levels of conflict Few coordination problems Benefits of Heterogeneous groups Diversity of views represented High performance Variety of resources

Group Function Communicates how work behaviors contribute to goal achievement Provides sense of meaning (task identity)

Factors Contributing to Group Effectiveness Group Efficacy Group composition Ability to work well together Coordination of efforts Resources Shared information Development of effective strategies

Types of Social Facilitation Effects Audience Effects Co-Action Effects

Social Facilitation Presence of other group members enhances performance of repetitive tasks Presence of other group members impairs performance of difficult tasks

Group Member Control Mechanisms Roles Rules Norms

Advantages of Rules Ensure that members perform desired behaviors Facilitate control of behavior Facilitate evaluation of individual performance Provide information for newcomers

Why Do Group Members Conform to Norms? Compliance Identification Internalization

How Can Groups Respond to Deviants? Attempt to change deviant Expel deviant Change norm

Socialization and Role Orientation Institutionalized Individualized

Table 10.3 Socialization Tactics Tactics Leading To An Institutionalized Orientation Collective tactics Formal tactics Sequential tactics Fixed tactics Serial tactics Divestiture tactics Tactics Leading To An Individualized Orientation Individual tactics Informal tactics Random tactics Variable tactics Disjunctive tactics Investiture tactics