Industrialization

What is industrialization? What was the Industrial Revolution? Industrial/ industry= the process of making products using machines in a factory. Revolution= a change

Industrialization: a change to industrial methods of production— is the period of social and economic change that transforms a society from an agrarian (farming) society into an industrial one.

Background The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and quickly spread to the United States because of the availability of investment capital (money and resources). The Industrial Revolution in the U.S. was primarily centered in the northern states.

Pre Civil War Civil War Post Civil War Factories and mills spread quickly throughout the North before the Civil War because of; good supplies of natural resources such as iron and coal the availability of rivers to transport goods. The South purchased the goods that the North produced. This made the North economically stronger than the South. Civil War The Civil War increased industrialization as both North and South required weapons. Factories for guns, ammo, clothing, and various other supplies quickly grew. Post Civil War After the war, the transcontinental railroad opened commerce across the country, and further increased economic growth.

Causes & Effects of Industrial Growth Growth of transportation New inventions Large supply of natural resources More workers & capital (money) INDUSTRIAL GROWTH (1870-1914) EFFECTS More goods available to consumers More economic opportunities Rise of businesses Growth of cities (urbanization)

Growth of Transportation

Cumberland (National Road), 1811

Erie Canal System

Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

Principal Canals in 1840

Rise in Railroads 1850s

New Inventions

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

Inventions & Events 1800  41 patents were approved. Patent: a license giving the right to a person to claim and sell an invention.

Inventions & Events 1851 - The Bessemer steel-making process Makes the production of steel faster and cheaper. Steel is used for construction of railroads 1859 - Edwin Drake pumps oil from the ground. Oil was used as grease for machinery 1869 - The transcontinental railway is completed Connected the East coast to the West coast. Goods could be transported faster and traded. 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone. Improves communication 1879 - Thomas Edison perfects an light bulb.’ Increases working hours since workers are now able to have light and see during the night.

1903 - The Wright Brothers make the first successful airplane. 1908 - The first Model T Ford is built. 1913 - Henry Ford builds a large-scale moving assembly line.

First prototype of the locomotive Oliver Evans First automated flour mill First prototype of the locomotive

Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840s Sewing Machine

Samuel Slater (“Father of the Factory System”)

Natural Resources

The US had fertile soil, rivers, vast quantities of timber, and rich deposits of coal, iron ore, copper, and oil.

More workers Immigration

3 EFFECTS of Immigration 1. Crowded cities in the late 1800’s led to vertical construction of skyscrapers and tenement buildings. 2. Employers often welcomed immigrant workers because the workers were willing to work for LOWER PAY than native born Americans. 3. Fueled the Industrial Revolution and established the culturally diverse America we live in today.

Causes & Effects of Industrial Growth Growth of transportation New inventions Large supply of natural resources More workers (immigration) INDUSTRIAL GROWTH (1870-1914) Positive EFFECTS More goods available to consumers More economic opportunities Rise of businesses