1. Chapter 14 Industry & Urban Growth p. 478-509
In the late 1800s, industrialization causes urban growth, alters the way business is run, and prompts education reform.
A new wave of immigration transforms America.

2. Chapter 14, Section 1 A New Industrial Revolution p. 482-487
After the Civil War, the United States experiences rapid industrial growth.

3. 14.1 section focus question:
What conditions spurred the growth of industry?

4. Bessemer Furnace: invented by Henry Bessemer in 1885
Why Industry Boomed
Main Idea: Abundant resources, new technology, government aid to business, and a railroad boom all contribute to industrial growth.
U.S. was (still is?) rich in natural resources:
Coal
Iron
Lead
Copper
Timber
Oil
Technology becomes a factor in replacing iron with STEEL.
Bessemer process: method of making stronger steel at a lower cost.
U.S. miners
Bessemer Furnace: invented by Henry Bessemer in 1885
Steel replaces iron as a basic building material.

5. Oil & a Railroad BOOM OIL “Black Gold”
used for lubricant in machines
later in gasoline for automobiles
Railroads link resources to industries
Competition is limited by consolidating (combining) rail lines into a few big companies.
Offer rebates (discounts) to best (biggest) customers
Small farmers (Populists) are angered
Edwin Drake strikes OIL in Titusville, PA
-1859

6. Inventors and Inventions
Main Idea: Thomas Edison and other inventors create hundreds of devices that make life easier.
Christopher Sholes invents the typewriter (1868)
Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone (1876)
Organizes the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T).
Thomas Alva Edison sets up his lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey
Experiments with electricity
Most famous invention: the electric light bulb. (1879)
Inventors required patents to protect their inventions
legal document that gives sole rights to make and sell an invention
Inventors & their Inventions

7. A Transportation Revolution
Main Idea: The automobile and the airplane launch an age of fast transportation.
Henry Ford makes automobiles available to millions. Here’s how:
Assembly line manufacturing moves products along a belt during assembly
Increases production and reduces costs
4.5 million own cars by 1917
The Wright Brothers (Orville & Wilbur): invent first airplane (1903)
Usher in the age of flight
Ford assembly line
First flight, December 17, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, NC., only lasted 12 seconds

8. 14.1 section focus question:
What conditions spurred the growth of industry?
Government policies helped businesses grow, new technology allowed railroads & cities to expand, and new sources of energy supplied industry needs.