The Renaissance 1350-1600

Unit Objectives To understand the characteristics of Renaissance art, literature, government, and philosophy To recognize and identify examples of intellectual, political, and artistic components of the Renaissance To learn the causes and impacts of the Renaissance To identify Renaissance artists, their work, and the significance of their work

The Renaissance Transition period from the Middle Ages to modern times Where did the Renaissance begin?

Why there?

Why the Renaissance started in Italy 1. 2. 3.

What caused the Renaissance What caused the Renaissance? What changed in Europe that moved the kingdoms there from the “Dark Ages” to a more cultured and educated society?

Causes of the Renaissance 1. 2. 3.

Humanism (ID) Much of Humanist art focused on realistic portrayals of the human body

Revival of Greek and Latin work Revival of many Greek and roman beliefs (seeking fulfillment in daily life, individuals have dignity and worth, people participating in a variety of activities)

What made these new ideas and art so popular?

Humanist Schools People had a thirst for knowledge Humanists began to start schools that became very popular—before the only schools were religious schools Subjects like history, literature, and philosophy (Humanities) allowed people to study, learn, and debate without having to become an official of the Church These schools also offered the opportunity to consider new ideas and philosophies that were not supported by the Church New forms of writing like sonnets More and more Humanists wrote in common languages rather than Latin increasing their popular appeal and access by everyday people rather than just academics

What were the results of the spread of Humanism?

Three Italian city-states emerged as leaders of the Renaissance: Florence, Rome, and Venice Rome: Replaced Florence as the leading city-state of the Renaissance because of the influence of the Church and the Renaissance art became much more focused on religion Venice: Replaced Rome due to its wealth from trade—more people there could afford to patronize the arts

Renaissance art became much more lifelike, realistic, & emotional Architecture returned to the classical style (columns, arches, etc.) Sculptures became more classical (many life-likes and nude statues similar to Greek and Roman works) Paintings became more realistic and emotional

Ninja Turtles Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa, David, Last Supper, inventor Michelangelo: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Donatello: First to sculpt in bronze, David Rafael: School of Athens, several paintings of the Madonna

Renaissance Writers Shakespeare: Wrote about the human condition and psychology of humans including topics like jealousy and ambition Thomas More: Wrote Utopia about a perfect society

The Renaissance began to spread from Italy to the rest of Europe due to war, travel, trade, and the printing press (Cultural Diffusion) Johann Gutenberg (ID):

Christian Humanism Humanism aimed at reforming the Catholic Church Believed in the ability of humans to reason and improve themselves Centered in Northern Europe

Christian Humanism The Renaissance in Northern Europe was more religious and began to call for reform of the Catholic Church Erasmus:

The Renaissance did not come to England until 1485 when the War of the Roses ended (dispute over the rightful heir to the throne between the Yorks and the Tudors—the Tudors won) English humanists focused on social issues

Catholic Church The Church embraced the art of the Renaissance but not the philosophies and ideas of it or the Humanists because they challenged Church teachings and its authority