1. I. The Italian Renaissance
Intellectual movement began in Italy in 14th c.
2 key characteristics:
1. extreme hostility to culture of Middle Ages
2. fascination with the ancient world
Renaissance was the first, to use the term "Dark Ages" to describe the period after the fall of Rome.
Why might they have used the term Dark ages?
Fascination with the ancient civilizations led to an increasing literacy in Latin &Greek

2. Italian Renaissance cont.
Main emphasis of Renaissance centered around individual & potential of human nature
Initially, was restricted to small group of educated elites (upper class), but it spread out to other social classes
Renaissance marks the beginning of the modern world

3. II. Why did it begin in Italy?
Northern Italian cities led way in economic revival of 12th & 13th c. - art flourishes in a society with $$$
Florence, especially, at end of 13th c. became bankers to the pope
Italian middle classes wanted to ‘show off’ pride in their city states
Nobles lived in cities, so ideas could spread more rapidly than in isolated manors of northern Europe

4. Paintings became popular because cheaper to produce than mosaics
III. Art
Paintings became popular because cheaper to produce than mosaics
Gold leaf that adorned paintings of Middle Ages disappeared & cost of paintings decreased
More people able to display art, thus increasing social status

5. Art cont. Church commissions artwork to adorn chapels & cathedrals
Virgin Mary was often painted surrounded by worldy objects
Why do you think the Virgin Mary would be portrayed with ‘worldly’ objects?
Geometry & science/anatomy infused into new artistic techniques
What examples of scientific & geometric influence can you describe?

6. The Sistine Chapel in Rome
• John the Baptist
- Donatello
The Sistine Chapel in Rome
- Michelangelo

7. The Coronation of the Virgin
The Last Supper
- da Vinci
The Coronation of the Virgin
- Raphael

8. The School of Athens - Raphael

9. Focused on man and his world.
IV. Humanism
Focused on human achievements & potential rather than religious themes.
Focused on man and his world.
Concentrated on everyday human problems & relationships.
Focus on pleasure rather than morality.
Petrarch - father of Humanism

10. IV. Humanism cont.
Secular nature of humanism, brought it into conflict with traditional teachings of Catholic Church
Northern Humanists stressed education & classical learning, however, unlike Italian humanists, emphasized religious themes.

11. V. Renaissance Writers
Began to use vernacular (native language) instead of classical Latin.
Machiavelli, wrote The Prince, a handbook for behavior.
Machiavelli was political philosopher
‘The Prince’ advised kings how to rule.

12. VI. Printing Press
Johann Gutenberg printed bible using movable metal type on machine called Printing Press.
Printed books became cheaper & easier to produce than hand copies.

13. VI. Printing Press cont.
Now, readers gained access to broad range of knowledge (Medicine to Religion)
Printing press would greatly contribute to spread of new ideas & Protestant Reformation.