Reconstruction

Reconstruction (1) Refers to the federal government’s plan to restore the South to the Union.

Lincoln’s Plan (2) Wanted to reunite the south with the rest of the country He did not want to punish the south. Lincoln died before he could put his plan in place Task fell to President Andrew Johnson

Johnson’s Plan (3) Like Lincoln he did not want to punish the south and wanted to restore the South to the Union Texas and other Confederate states had to meet certain conditions: Set up temporary governments Slavery had to be ended Declare Secession illegal All adult white males had to take an oath of loyalty to the U.S.

Reconstruction Problems (4) Reconstruction was not smooth: African Americans struggled with attaining equality Many in the South still bitter about losing the war Reconstruction of towns and Railroads slow Economic Troubles

Reconstruction and Texas

Reconstruction and Texas (5) Texas was not as badly damaged from the war as other southern states due to it’s distance from the main fighting. Many railroads, ports, cities, and farms left undamaged. During the war cotton production fell but after the war it increased. Texas provided much needed food and soldiers to the war effort. Many displaced southerners migrated to Texas after the war. Population in Texas increased.

Reconstruction in Texas (6) Texas had to re-write and adapt a new state constitution African Americans still struggled with equality Cotton production and railroad construction increased

Juneteenth (7) Union General Gordon Granger took command of Texas after the war ended On June 19th, 1865 Granger issued a proclamation freeing all slaves in Texas. African Americans in Texas called this day Juneteenth. Became a state holiday in 1979.

Emancipation Proclamation

Post Civil War Texas Native Americans

Reconstruction Indian Removal Jim Crow Laws A Time of Progress A Time of Bitterness Expansion of the railroads west Innovations in Technology Growth of Cities Rise of Industry (Cattle, Oil, Steel, etc…) Population Growth Indian Removal Jim Crow Laws Lingering anger of losing war

Indian Wars Texas and the U.S.

Native Americans Struggles Native Americans in North America at odds with different groups from the start

Native Americans In Texas Conflict with the following groups/nations Europeans(Spaniards) Mexico (Both Mexican and Anglo’s) Republic of Texas U.S.

Population Moves West (Manifest Destiny) Indian hunting grounds encroached Indians angered and fight to defend homeland

Treaties Made and Broken To keep peace, U.S. brokers many treaties with Native Americans Most of the time they are broken Native Americans mistrustful of White Men (U.S.)

Reservation System Native Americans offered a chance to be moved to a reservation Reservation- Land set aside by U.S. Government for Native Americans settlement Native Americans would have to farm and depend on U.S. Government for assistance Most Native Americans not pleased with reservation system Some tribes refuse and resist Plains Native Americans angered at extermination of Buffalo Native Americans resistance intensifies

War in Texas President Grant sends in William T. Sherman and Phillip Sheridan to Texas to tour forts and begin pacification (Forced Removal) Wars with Native Americans Intensify

Native Americans Combatants Main Combatants Comanche Apache Kiowa

Native Americans at a disadvantage Low numbers Weapons and other supplies scarce Fighting the full might of the U.S. Army. Not resistant to diseases

Quanah Parker Son of captured American Woman (Cynthia Ann) Last Comanche Chief Fought U.S. Hard Realized it was a losing battle Assimilated in American Culture Convinced other Indians to do so

Buffalo Soldiers African American soldiers stationed out in the Texas and U.S. frontiers Helped fight and later keep the peace with the Native Americans