Thought Jot Imagine that you are a slave who has just been set free. Describe how you are feeling, what you will do next, where you will go, and any challenges.

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Presentation transcript:

Thought Jot Imagine that you are a slave who has just been set free. Describe how you are feeling, what you will do next, where you will go, and any challenges you think you might face.

Presidential Reconstruction President Lincoln’s Plan 10% Plan Oaths of Allegiance “Loyalty” Governments 13th Amendment Freedmen’s Bureau

13th Amendment Ratified in December, 1865. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen. Called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrats.

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) The Freedmen’s Bureau assisted newly freed slaves transition to freedom It helped: Provide jobs Settle disputes between former slaves and masters Labor Contracts Protect Freedmen’s rights Build schools and churches

President Andrew Johnson (replaces Lincoln) Lincoln’s Vice-President Northern Democrat (Lincoln was Republican) Against Rich planters in the South White Supremacist. Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union.

Johnson’s 10%+ Plan Take Loyalty Oath and receive pardon Confederate civil and military officers and those with property over $20,000 must be personally pardoned by President Johnson New constitutions for rebellious states No Slavery, No Rebellion, No Confederate Debt Named temporary governors to oversee elections for constitutional conventions.

Johnson’s 10%+ Plan Effects: Barred Confederate military and political leaders from future positions of power Pardoned planter aristocrats, bringing them back into control in Southern states. Republicans become furious that he pardoned planters and turn on the President.

Growing Northern Alarm! Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum requirements. Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons. Revival of southern defiance. BLACK CODES

Black Codes Purpose: Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated. Restore pre-emancipation race relations. Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].

How did sharecropping work? · Freedmen would farm land belonging to white owners, oftentimes their old masters. Plantation Land worked by sharecroppers. · Freedmen would pay rent for the land they farmed by giving the landowner a percentage of their crops. · In addition, freedmen would purchase seed, tools, and other supplies from the landowner. * As a result, freedmen were in constant debt to the landowners and were never able to earn a profit. If they tried to move, they could be arrested. Therefore, freedmen became tied down to the land, in a state similar to slavery.

Analyzing Primary Sources Working in pairs or small groups, you will evaluate primary sources relating to the Freedmen’s Bureau. Each group will have a different source to analyze. You will use the Document Analysis Worksheet. When you finish, you will share their resource with the class.

Freedmen Labor & Employment

Freedmen Churches & Schools

Freedmen’s Bureau: Laws, Justice, & Violence

Freedmen’s Bureau & Carpetbaggers