1. Reconstruction
( )

2. Key Questions now that the Civil War is over
1. How do we bring the South back into the Union?
4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction?
2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war?
3. How do we integrate and protect newly
Freed slaves?

3. President Lincoln’s Plan
AKA “The10% Plan”
Pardon to all but the highest ranking military and civilian Confederate officers.
When 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty and established a government, it would be recognized.

4. Radical
(Congressional)
Reconstruction

5. Wade-Davis Bill (1864) Senator Benjamin Wade (R-OH)
Required 50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an “iron clad” oath of allegiance (swearing they had never voluntarily aided the rebellion ).
Required a state constitutional convention for states, ending slavery, before the election of state officials.
Senator Benjamin Wade (R-OH)
Congressman Henry W. Davis (R-MD)

6. Lincoln and Congress would clash over the future (1864)
Pocket Veto
President Lincoln
Wade-Davis Bill

7. However they would work to the get the 13th Amendment passed
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

8. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)
Created by Congress to help the transition of former slaves into society.
Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen.
Northerners were called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrats.

9. Freedmen’s Bureau School

10. Both Plans were derailed by

11. The Assassination of Lincoln

12. The country would have to wait and see how the next president would handle the situation.

13. President Andrew Johnson
Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union.
Let peace and prosperity be restored to the land. May God bless this people: may God save the Constitution.
- Andrew Johnson in the U.S. Senate March 22, 1875

14. President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)
Offered amnesty upon simple oath to all except; Confederate officers and those with property over $20,000 (they could apply directly to Johnson)

15. Johnson’s Plan would rule the day, but at a cost…
1. Southern leaders became distrustful (revival of southern defiance and creation of “black codes”)
2. Pardoned too many rich planters (13,500) which allowed them back into political power
EFFECTS?
3. Republicans/Northerners were outraged that planters were back in power too soon

16. Black Codes
Purpose:
Guarantee a low cost labor supply now that blacks were free.
Keep former slaves in their place.
Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].

17. Congress gets angry with the Johnson
February, 1866  President vetoed the (renewal) Freedmen’s Bureau bill.
March, 1866  Johnson vetoed the 1866 Civil Rights Act.
Congress passed both bills over Johnson’s vetoes  1st Time in U. S. history!!

18. Congress toughens their Plan for Readmission
Southern governments were subject to military supervision.
Required new state constitutions, including black voting rights and ratification of the 13th and 14th Amendments.
14th Amendment
Ratified in July, 1868
Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people (i.e. citizenship).
Southern states would be punished for denying the right to vote to black citizens

19. Reconstruction Acts of 1867
Military Reconstruction Act
Divide the 10 “unreconstructed states” into 5 military districts.

20. Congress gets fed up and impeaches President Johnson

21. The Senate Trial 11 week trial
Johnson acquitted 35 to 19 (one short of required 2/3s vote)
Johnson would not be selected by the Republicans to run for reelection

22. The 1868 Republican Ticket

23. The 1868 Democratic Ticket

24. 1868 Presidential Election

25. The Winner: Ulysses S. Grant

26. Grant Administration Scandals
Grant presided over an era of unprecedented growth and corruption.
Grants scandals include:
Whiskey Ring
Credit Moblier

27. 1872 Presidential Election

28. Black
"Adjustment"
in the South

29. Sharecropping

30. Establishment of Historically Black Colleges in the South

31. 15th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

32. Black Senate & House Delegates

33. The “Invisible Empire of the South”

34. Ways that African Americans were disenfranchised from voting
Poll Tax-A.A. were forced to pay in order to vote
Literacy Test- A.A. and poor whites were required to pass a test in order to vote
Grandfather Clause-If your grandfather couldn’t vote in 1865, then you could not vote
Gerrymandering-”Redistricting”

35. The
Abandonment
of Reconstruction

36. And They Say He Wants a Third Term

37. 1876 Presidential Tickets

38. The Political Crisis of 1876
“Corrupt Bargain” Part II?

39. 1876 Presidential Election

40. Hayes Prevails

41. Alas, the Woes of Childhood…
Sammy Tilden—Boo-Hoo! Ruthy Hayes’s got my Presidency, and he won’t give it to me!

42. A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877-Reconstruction fades