The Cardiovascular System LET’S GET TO THE  Of the Matter  BASIC Overview

The Cardiovascular System 1) Pumping action of the heart allows the blood to: Brings oxygen and nutrients to body’s cells & Takes away carbon dioxide and waste products

The Cardiovascular System Maintain homeostasis through the: Transportation of nutrients and wastes

Anatomy of The Heart SIZE: 1 to 2 fists LOCATION: in the thorax, between the lungs, apex points to the left

The Heart 4 chambers: 2 ventricles = lower chambers Discharge/pump blood Larger, w/thicker walls 2 atria (singular is atrium) = upper chambers Receive blood

The Heart 2 separate pumps: Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation Brings blood to lungs for gas exchange Systemic circulation Pumps blood and nutrients to the body Cardiac circulation Nourishes the heart muscle itself (myocardium)

Blood Vessels 3 types Arteries: carry blood away from heart Veins: carry blood back toward the heart VARICOSE veins: vessels with faulty valves Capillaries: exchange nutrients & wastes with cells (through diffusion) smallest blood vessels w/very thin walls

AORTA Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards ONE WAY TRAFFIC! Large blood vessel the is the first to carry blood away on its round trip through the body and back to the heart! Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards ONE WAY TRAFFIC!

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) Cells in the blood that transport OXYGEN throughout the body Contain HEMOGLOBIN, an iron containing protein that binds to oxygen and carbon dioxide

The Heart Blood: Blue if deoxygenated Red if oxygenated Blue blood goes to lungs to get O2 Red blood goes to body to deliver O2

Blood flow through the heart: Animation

The Heart

Blood Vessels Average adult body contains over 60,000 miles of blood vessels That’s enough to circle the globe 2.5 times!

Blood Vessels Road map of the body Arteries/veins = highways Capillaries = side streets

Blood Vessels Layers of tissue Connective tissue (outside) Smooth muscle Endothelium

What causes a heart attack? Fat (plaque) builds up in arteries If plaque ruptures, blood clot blocks blood flow through artery

What causes a heart attack? Heart muscle begins to die from lack of oxygen/nutrients

Signs of a heart attack: Chest discomfort or pain Upper body discomfort (arms, back, neck, jaw) Shortness of breath Nausea, fainting, cold sweat Call 911 within 5 minutes

Blood Vessels Blood pressure: force of blood on artery walls Needed for blood to flow through body

Blood The Bloodmobile

Blood Functions: Collects O2 from lungs, nutrients from intestines, waste from tissues Regulates body conditions (ex: T° and pH) Fights infections Repairs damage (blood clots)

Blood Plasma (55%) Cells (45%)

Blood Plasma (55%) 90% water 10% dissolved substances (gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, proteins) Cells (45%) Red – transport O2 White – fight off bacteria and parasites

Blood Red blood cells (RBCs) a.k.a. erythrocytes Transport oxygen throughout body Contain hemoglobin = iron-rich protein that binds to O2 and CO2 White blood cells (WBCs) a.k.a. leukocytes Defend against bacteria, viruses, parasites, tumor cells