Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function Animal and Plant Cells

Essential Questions How does a cell function? How do materials the cell needs get into the cell? What are the 3 most important organelles and what do they do?

Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cell membrane – membrane around cell; separates outer from inner. Nucleus – structure that houses DNA Organelles – structures that carry out specific jobs for cell. Cytoplasm – jelly-like fluid where the organelles “float.” www.nerdscience.com

Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton –protein filaments ( microtubules) in cytoplasm. helps maintain cell shape, cell move,& moves organelles. help with cell division www.nerdscience.com

Inside the Nucleus Nuclear Envelope – membrane that surrounds nucleus. Chromatin –DNA wrapped around proteins. Chromosomes – condensed chromatin (DNA), condenses before cell division. Nucleolus – structure within nucleus that makes ribosomes.

Inside the Nucleus Nucleolus Chromatin Nuclear Envelope www.nerdscience.com

Ribosomes Ribosomes – made of RNA and protein. Make Proteins! www.nerdscience.com

Vesicle Small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells Some become lysosomes

Lysosomes Lysosomes – small organelles filled with enzymes. Digest molecules and old cell parts used by cell www.nerdscience.com

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic reticulum – organelle that moves proteins and other substances. Rough ER – has ribosomes, makes proteins Smooth ER – no ribosomes, makes lipids, and breaks down toxins www.nerdscience.com

Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus (Body)– modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. like UPS www.nerdscience.com

“Power House of the Cell” Mitochondria “Power House of the Cell” Mitochondria – converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that cell can use better. Makes energy (ATP). Has own DNA www.nerdscience.com

Plant Cells – 3 features Animal cells don’t have.

Central Vacuole Central Vacuole – large, space; stores water and other substances such as ions, nutrients, and wastes. www.nerdscience.com

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts – organelles that capture light energy from sun and convert it into chemical energy. (Photosynthesis) Found only in plants, algae, and some bacteria. Has own DNA. www.nerdscience.com

Cell wall Cell Wall - structure surrounding cell membrane; provides structure and shape. composed of proteins, carbs, and cellulose (sugar) protects from damage and connects it to next cell

Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell

Activities Make foldable of plant and animal cell. Must have drawing of both animal and plant cells. Must be colored and labeled. Must have venn diagram comparing cells. Label all organelles on both cells. Will tape into spiral