CH5 Sections 1 & 2

Dawn of the Industrial Age

Section 1 Vocab Anesthetic: Drug that blocks pain during surgery; first used by an American dentist. Enclosure: Process of taking over and consolidating land. James Watt: Developed a version of the steam engine that became a key power source in the “IR”.

Mid-1700s: production of food & goods is made easier by complex machines. Industrialization slowly leads to growth of cities & end of a rural way of life.

“IR” begins with improvements in farming. Rich landowners began to enclose large farms Farm laborers were pushed out of work Became future factory workers. Populations in Europe soared: food surplus, improved sanitation, & medical care.

Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill

New sources of energy developed. Coal powered the steam engine powered everything from trains to ships. Intense heat of coal allowed for improved iron production, benefited the new railroad industry.

Britain Leads the Way

Section 2 Vocab Capital: Money used to invest. Enterprise: Business organization in a specific area. Entrepreneur: People that invest, manage, and assume risk in starting a business. Putting-Out System: “Cottage Industry”: Raw cotton peasant families weave into thread & cloth skilled artisans dyed and finished cloth.

Eli Whitney: Invented “Cotton Gin”; seperated cotton from seeds. Turnpike: Private roads, built by entrepreneurs, travelers charged a toll “fee” to use the road. Liverpool & Manchester: Two major cities in England during “IR”, first major rail line linked them.

Britain was able to quickly industrialize because of several factors: coal & river transportation routes plentiful. Large pool of skilled mechanics. People who had grown rich from trade financed new industries. Stable “gov” supported economic growth.

“IR” made big impact on the textile industry. Machines were invented that cleaned cotton, spun thread, & wove cloth. Home-based workers quickly replaced by fewer factory workers.

Increased production  demand for better transportation. Turnpikes built & canals dug. Railroad tracks crisscrossed Europe and North America.