Bellwork Review: What company controlled India until 1858? What started the Sepoy Rebellion. Cartoon Analysis: 3. Describe what you see in this cartoon. What do the people represent? What are they doing?

The Scramble for Africa Imperialism in Africa

Today’s Agenda Standards: W.15 Describe the Berlin Conference and the rise of modern colonialism in the 19th Century W.17 Compare the progression of imperialistic claims on the African continent using historical maps Objectives: I can explain and describe imperialism in Africa including European motives and the Berlin Conference. I can analyze historical maps and use them to explain the progression of imperialistic claims on the African continent. Bellwork Notes Scramble for Africa Game Map Activity

NOTES

What was the “Scramble for Africa”? The process of the invasion, occupation, and domination of African territory by European powers from 1880-1914 (the start of World War 1). By late 1880s, only 10% of Africa was controlled by Europeans By 1914 (only 34 years later), Europeans controlled 97% of the continent.

Africa Before Imperialism Hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups (1,000+ languages spoken) Many different religions Most Africans followed traditional tribal religions Politically ranged from large empires to small villages Africans controlled their own trade Coasts were easily accessible

The “Dark Continent” For centuries, Africa was known as “The Dark Continent” Why? Mysterious to Europeans Remained unexplored Hard to navigate the rivers of interior Africa Europeans stuck to the easily accessible coastlines Lack of interest by Europeans

The “Opening of Africa” Medical, scientific, and technological advances of the Industrial Revolution enabled European exploration of Africa Vaccines, machine guns, steam engines, telegraph European interest rises David Livingstone, a British Missionary, explores the interior of Africa He goes missing Henry Stanley is hired by an American newspaper to find him After finding Livingstone, Stanley continues to explore Africa for himself Their travels and explorations generate interest in Africa

The 3 Gs GOLD GOD GLORY Why Africa? Why were Europeans nations so interested in colonizing Africa in the late 1800s? The 3 Gs GOLD GOD GLORY

GOLD Raw Materials and Resources (i.e., Gold, Diamonds, Rubber, Ivory, Coffee, etc.) New Markets to sell their goods Needed raw materials for their factories New markets to sell their goods

GOD Wanted to convert Africans to Christianity “White Man’s Burden”: It’s the duty of Western nations to “civilize” the Africans (Bring them medicine, technology, education, etc.)

GLORY Nationalism (belief that your country is the best) Political rivalries, needed to be the best of the best More colonies = More Pride Empire = Greatness Social Darwinism: Strong nations should conquer because they can

The Berlin Conference

Berlin Conference The discovery of diamonds and gold intensified the scramble for European nations to establish their presence in Africa European countries feared war could break out over Africa In order to prevent conflict, European leaders agreed to meet at the Berlin Conference in 1844 to lay down rules for the colonization of Africa

The Berlin Conference Organized by Otto von Bismarck Attended by 14 major European powers NO AFRICANS were invited to attend!!! Outcomes Most powerful countries claimed the areas they wanted first They agreed that any European nation could claim land by notifying other nations and showing they could control the land All of Africa is divided, only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free of European control Very little thought was given to how African groups would react What effect do you think the Berlin Conference had on the group not represented? Little thought or interest was given to how the natives felt. Why might this be a problem?

“The Magnificent African Cake”