1. a policy of conquering and ruling other lands
IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA
Imperialism is
a policy of conquering and ruling other lands

2. A – African takeover - (Slide 1 of 2)
Africa prior to Imperialism:
1,000 different languages, ethnic groups, beliefs, etc.
Europeans controlled little land, only coastal
Europeans could not travel inland due to unnavigable rivers…but then the steamboat!
African control of trade networks kept Europeans from taking over trade
King Leopold II of Belgium signs treaties with local chiefs of the Congo River Valley  becomes known as Belgian Congo
Harsh rule; severe punishment for natives not supplying enough natural resources (mostly rubber  hands would be cut off)

3. 5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Population)
It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit Belgian Official

4. A – African takeover – Ethiopia Ruled by Menelik II
(Slide 2 of 2)
Ethiopia
Ruled by Menelik II
Conflict with Russians, Italians, & French
Led the only successful resistance movement against Europeans

5. F – Fighting for Africa (slide 1 of 2)
Soon after Belgium- European powers engaged in a “Scramble for Africa” starting in the 1870s.
By 1890, most of Africa came under European control.

6. F – Fighting for Africa The major European powers to acquire
African territories were Great Britain,
France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal,
& Italy.
By 1914, only Liberia & Ethiopia remained independent

7. R – Riches in Africa (Slide 1 of 2)
The discovery of diamonds and gold in South Africa increased European interest.
This caused European powers to come in conflict with one another.

8. R – Riches in Africa (Slide 2 of 2)
South Africa
Dutch settlers (Boers) move to South Africa in 1600s
British attempt to colonize in 1800s  conflict with
Boers over slavery
Boers make “Great Trek” to move north to get away
from British  British followed them!
Conflict between British, Boers, & Zulus (1st Boer War)
Discovery of gold in north region led to 2nd Boer War
1st modern “total war”

10. I – Imperial powers meet at Berlin Conference (1884-1885) (Slide 1 of 2)
Competition was getting hot! 14 countries got together & established territory claims
At the Berlin Conference, rules were laid out as how to divide Africa:
1. Any European country must notify others when land is claimed
2. Demonstrate the area can be controlled
No African natives were invited to the conference.

11. I – Imperial powers meet at Berlin Conference (1884-1885)
Outcome: Africa is divided amongst European powers
Arbitrary boundaries are created
Some cultures are divided, while others are forcibly combined
No thought was given to religions or rivalries

12. C– Colonization by European imperialists had both positive and negative effects on Africa

13. Introduction of modern transportation & communication
Positive Effect:
Introduction of modern
transportation & communication
systems, such as telegraphs, railroads,
& telephones.

14. European medicine & improved nutrition; led to population increases.
Positive Effect:
Introduction of
European medicine & improved nutrition;
led to population increases.

15. African peoples were treated
Negative Effect:
African peoples were treated
as inferior (lesser peoples) to Europeans.

16. Europeans divided Africa & ignored
 Video (a little graphic!)
Negative Effect:
Europeans divided Africa & ignored
tribal, ethnic, & cultural boundaries
of African people  led to
tribal conflicts in many African nations
that continue to this day.

17. A – African Imperialism Motives

18. Source for
Raw
Materials
European Nationalism
Missionary Activity
Industrial
Revolution
European
Motives
For Colonization
Markets for Finished Goods
Military & Naval Bases
Social Darwinism
Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul.
European Racism
Humanitarian Reasons
Soc. & Eco. Opportunities
“White Man’s Burden”

19. African Trade [15c-17c]
Video   

20. WHAT IF AFRICA WAS NEVER COLONIZED?
GOOD OPTIONAL VIDEO, TIME PERMITTING