The Protestant Reformation

What was the Protestant Reformation? The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church The Reformation caused a split in Christianity

CHRISTIANITY PROTESTANT CATHOLIC

Causes of the Reformation Questioning attitude that developed during the Renaissance. The Corruption within the Catholic Church Black Death

The Reformers Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII

Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany The reformer that started it all! The Main Name of the Reformation.

Martin Luther He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

“The righteous shall live by his faith.” ROMANS 1:17 “The righteous shall live by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

Luther's 95 Theses A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) He criticized: The Power of the Pope The Extreme Wealth of the Church Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

Luther's 95 Theses Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany Gained support from people and criticism from Church

The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

Luther on Trial The Diet of Worms 1520 Pope Leo X ordered Luther to give up his beliefs Luther burned the order and was excommunicated Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

Pope Leo X (Medici) He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

Acceptance of Reforms Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas Lutheranism was formed Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

John Calvin Anti-Catholic Influenced by Martin Luther Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.” Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland - Calvinism

Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

Calvin believed in: Foreknowledge God knows everything that will happen in your life Purified approach to life: No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans Scotland = Presbyterians Holland = Dutch Reform France = Huguenots Germany = Reform Church

Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

Henry VIII

Henry VIII – King of England In his early life he was known as the “Defender of the Catholic Church” He was married to Catherine of Aragon (Spain) She was actually married to Henry’s older brother, but his brother died Catherine was then married to Henry

Catherine only gave him a daughter and he wanted a son to take over the rule of his kingdom. He claimed that his marriage to Catherine was not his choice and he wanted the Pope to grant him a divorce. The Pope refused.

So Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church and created the Church of England with the King as the head of the church. The 6 wives of Henry VIII – Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived.

Anne Boleyn m. 1533 - 1536 Executed Catherine of Aragon m. 1509 - 1533 Divorced Jane Seymour m. 1536 - 1537 Died Anne of Cleves m. 1540 Jan. - July Divorced Kathryn Howard m. 1540 - 1542 Executed Katherine Parr m. 1543 - 1547 Widowed

Reformation Addendum Thomas More’s book Utopia – Church was upset because if this world could be perfect, there would be no need for Heaven. Peace of Augsburg “Peace treaty” between Catholicism and Protestantism