1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Causes of the Reformation
100 Years War and Black Death
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church
The Corruption within the Catholic Church

3. What was the Protestant Reformation?
Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

4. What was the Protestant Reformation?
In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

5. What was the Protestant Reformation?
CHRISTIANITY
PROTESTANT
CATHOLIC

6. The Reformers
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII

7. Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

8. Martin Luther
He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

9. “The righteous shall live by his faith.”
ROMANS 1:17
“The righteous shall live by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

10. Luther's 95 Theses
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

11. Luther's 95 Theses
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church

12. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

13. Luther on Trial The Diet of Worms
1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs
Luther burned the order and was excommunicated
Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

14. Pope Leo X (Medici)
He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

15. Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

16. Politics in the German Reformation
Fighting within the country between Charles the V (Charles V ruled an empire consisting of Spain, the Austrian lands, Bohemia, Hungary, the Low Countries, Milan, Naples, and Spanish territories) and Francis I over land and soon many German states were siding with Lutheranism .
Therefore :
Peace at Augsburg ended religious warfare in Germany by allowing individual states to choose between Lutheranism and Catholicism

17. Acceptance of Reforms
Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas
Lutheranism was formed
Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

18. Zwinglian Reformation
With the peace at Augsburg – The idea of Unity among Christians was lost.
A division in Protestantism was happening in Switzerland. Ulrich wanted a union with Luther but could not agree with the meaning of Communion.
1531 war broke out between Protestant and Catholic states.
Zwingli – is killed
This is where Calvin takes over

19. John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

20. John Calvin Anti-Catholic Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

21. Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

22. Calvin believed in: Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

23. CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
Germany = Reform Church

24. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan
Presbyterian
Puritan
Hugeunots

25. The Reformation in England
King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife.
Catherine of Aragon had no son
He wanted to marry Anne Boleyn
In May of 1533 Archbishop declared his marriage “null and absolutely void”
Married Anne and then she had a baby girl (Queen Elizabeth I)
1534 at Henry’s request, Parliament moved to finalize the break of the Catholic Church.
The Act of Supremacy of 1534 – declared the king was the supreme head on earth of the new Church of England.

26. The Reformation in England
This gave the king control over Church and state.
Took land from monasteries
Edward VI took his place
Then his daughter Mary ( from Catharine)
1533 Mary was a Catholic and tried to return the country to Catholicism
Bloody Mary

27. Anabaptists Known as radicals
They wanted a separation of church and state.
Could be baptized as an adult ( religious rebirth)
Would not hold political office or bear arms.

28. Protestants Effects on the role of Women
A focus on families
Very traditional view of men and women