1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Reformers wanted restore the people’s faith in the church
What was it?
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church in Europe
Reformers wanted restore the people’s faith in the church

3. Humanism led people to question the church.
I.Causes
1. The Renaissance
Humanism led people to question the church.
They placed increasing faith in human reason (thinking).

4. 2. Strong Monarchs
Increased their power by supporting reformers

5. 3. Other Events
The Black Death caused doubt
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church

6. 4. Corruption in the Catholic Church
Ordinary people felt church leaders were fighting for power and wealth rather than representing God.
Increasing fees for sacraments
Selling indulgences

7. Indulgence- Pardon for committing a sin in exchange for money (bribe)
"As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs."
This couplet is attributed to Johann Tetzel, a German preacher remembered for selling indulgences. In 1517, Tetzel was trying to raise money for the reconstruction of St. Peter's Basilica and it is believed that Martin Luther was inspired to write his Ninety-Five Theses, in part, due to Tetzel's actions during this period of time.

8. II. The Reformers

9. Protestant Reformer and German monk (1483-1546)
1. Martin Luther
Protestant Reformer and German monk ( )
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Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

10. He posted 95 theses (arguments) on the door of the Church in Wittenberg, Germany

11. A list of 95 complaints against the Catholic Church
Luther's 95 Theses
A list of 95 complaints against the Catholic Church
Luther believed:
The sale of indulgences
was wrong

12. 2. Salvation was through FAITH alone.
3. Good deeds were NOT
necessary for salvation.
4. Priests do NOT have special
powers

13. “The righteous shall live by faith.”
5. The Bible was the ONLY source of religious truth
ROMANS 1:17
“The righteous shall live by faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

14. He sparked the
Protestant Reformation- when Europeans (Protestants) broke away from the Catholic Church and formed NEW Christian churches

15. CHRISTIANITY
E. ORTHODOX
CATHOLIC
PROTESTANT

16. Don't Write!
At the Diet of Worms in 1520, Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs.
Luther burned the order and was excommunicated.
Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

17. DON’T WRITE
Pope Leo X (Medici)
He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

18. Luther's Dying Words
“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.”
-Luther
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19. 2. John Calvin
Follower of Luther who then added his own ideas

20. Calvin believed in: Predestination
At birth God decides who achieves salvation (if you will go to heaven or hell)
A person’s destiny was predetermined
Predestination

21. Two types of people:
saints and sinners
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

22. CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church
This should be one your homework! If not, write it in!

23. “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
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“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

24. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan
Presbyterian
Puritan
Hugeunots

26. III.Effects
Religious unity ends in Europe
- New Protestant Churches emerge
2. A century of wars

28. 3. Catholic Counter Reformation
- The church’s reaction: strengthen Catholicism to stop
people from converting to Protestantism

29. 4. Anti-Semitism increases; many Jews were forced into Eastern Europe

30. Education & Literacy increase
Protestants believed EVERYONE must be able to read the Bible.
The Printing Press made this possible.

31. How did the Scientific Revolution affect the Protestant Reformation?
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church
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32. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
DON’T WRITE
The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

33. Other Reformers
Ulrich Zwingli- believed lavish displays were not necessary for worship. One could worship within four plain walls
Desiderius Erasmus- stands as the supreme type of cultivated common sense applied to human affairs. He rescued theology from the clergy, exposed the abuses of the Church, and did more than any other single person to advance the Revival of Learning

34. What was the Protestant Reformation?
Recap!
What was the Protestant Reformation?
In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions