1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Causes of the Reformation

3. What was the Protestant Reformation?
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

4. What was the Protestant Reformation?
In the end the reformers established their own religions
caused a split in Christianity

5. What was the Protestant Reformation?
CHRISTIANITY
PROTESTANT
CATHOLIC

6. The Reformers
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII

7. Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in HRE
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

8. Martin Luther
He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort

9. “The righteous shall by his faith.”
ROMANS 1:17
“The righteous shall by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

10. Luther's 95 Theses
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

11. Luther's 95 Theses Gutenberg’s Printing Press spread his beliefs
Posted on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people
Criticized by Church

12. Luther on Trial The Diet of Worms
1520 Pope Leo X orders Luther to give up his beliefs
burned the order
excommunicated
Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

13. Pope Leo X (Medici)
He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

14. Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

15. Luther's Dying Words
“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.”
-Luther

16. Acceptance of Reforms
Some Local Churches in the HRE accepted Luther’s ideas
Lutheranism
Supported by German Princes
issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms

17. John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

18. John Calvin Anti-Catholic Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

19. Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

20. Calvin believed in: Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

21. CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church

22. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan
Presbyterian
Puritan
Hugeunots

23. Henry VIII Desire for a male heir First marriage cursed by God
Church did not approve annulment
Parliament declared King supreme in spiritual affairs (Reformation Parliament)
Created Church of England

24. Government Control of Church
Published official grievances against Catholic church
Church law placed under parliamentary control
Took control of all monasteries
Controlled all religious appointments

25. Religious Conservitism
Church of England basically Catholic
Transubstantiation
Celibacy
Private mass
confession
Articles of 1536 – offered mild Protestant concessions

26. Catholic or Protestant?
Henry dies and…
Son (Edward) takes over - Protestant
Edward dies, Mary takes over - Catholic
Mary dies & Elizabeth takes over - Protestant

27. Effects of the Reformation

28. Effects of the Reformation
Religious – 1) Churches flourished; 2) new denominations developed; 3) the RCC became more unified (Council of Trent); 4) Emphasis on education
Society – little to no change: divided by social class, role of women still limited. Large numbers of poor converted
Political – 1) Power of monarchs/states increased; 2) Rise of modern-nation states; 3) lays groundwork for the Enlightenment