Chapter 6 Section 3: Political Geography In this section you will learn how control of Earth’s surface is divided. You will also learn how the culture of a place influences its government.

Government is defined as the body within an organization (like a country) that has authority and function to make and the power to enforce laws, regulations, or rules.

Good Governments: Good governments protect the lives and property of their people. They also protect their citizens’ freedoms and rights.

Bad Governments: In many developing countries, governments are unstable. Dishonesty can also be a problem. Some political leaders may use their power only to make themselves and their friends rich.

The cultural beliefs of different groups affect how governments are set up. People’s cultural beliefs might lead to laws that force businesses to close on special religious days. Cultural beliefs also affect the way citizens see their duties and responsibilities.

3 main types of boundaries separate countries 1. Natural boundaries- boundaries that follow a landscape feature. Mountains and rivers are natural boundaries.

2. Cultural boundaries- Borders that are based on culture traits

3. Geometric boundaries- Boundaries that follow regular, geometric patterns… Geometric boundaries are often based on lines of latitude or longitude.

Nationalism – Feeling pride and loyalty for one’s country or culture group. Feelings of Nationalism are often expressed in: Songs Symbols Writings.

Nationalism Sometimes, though, one group’s pride can clash with that of another. Conflicts can also result from other differing culture traits, such as religion.

Types of Government: Totalitarian Governments - one person or a small group of people govern.. the same one person or a few people decide what is best for everyone Citizens have little or no say in how their country is governed.

Totalitarian Governments Values: Everyone helps the Community/Government. Free Enterprise is selfish and leads to Greed. Examples: Communist countries like North Korea and Cuba.

Democratic Governments- Democratic Governments- system in which the people decide who will govern. People choose their leaders by voting in free elections.

Values: individual freedoms and human rights. Examples: United States, Finland, France, South Korea

Economic Conflicts between Countries Tariffs- are taxes on imports and exports Quotas- are limits on the amount of a product that can be imported.

Tariffs and Quotas Both Tariffs and Quotas help protect a country’s industries from foreign competition. However, they can also cause trade disputes among countries

Terrorism: Terrorism is the use of violence and fear as a political force. Terrorists act for many reasons. Independence for their homelands Political goals, such as trying to get governments to have different public policies Religious Beliefs Correcting social injustice

Terrorists usually do not have the authority of a particular government to do what they do. Sometimes, though, governments protect and even support terrorists who share similar political goals.

International Cooperation Countries often cooperate with each other. They do so because it often has political and economic benefits.

United Nations (UN): At the UN, representatives of the world’s countries discuss international issues and voice their concerns. The UN’s main goals are settling conflicts between countries and trying to prevent wars. They also try to solve global problems like disease, hunger, and illiteracy.

World Trade Organization (WTO): (WTO) works to make trade between countries fairer and easier. Most countries belong to the WTO.