Genetic Engineering 9/11/2018 SB2f

SB2f Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on F. Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, and agriculture. 9/11/2018 SB2f

Gel Electrophoresis An electrical current is used to separate a mixture of DNA fragments from each other by size. DNA is negatively charged Uses restriction enzymes that cut the DNA at specific nucleotide sequences 9/11/2018 SB2f

PCR A technique that produces millions and even billions of copies of a specific DNA sequence in just a few hours. Similar to DNA Replication 3 steps: Separating (double to single strand) Binding (cooled, primer binds to complementary DNA sequence) Primer is a short segment of DNA that acts as a starting point for a new strand Copying (heated, polymerase builds new strands of DNA) 9/11/2018 SB2f

DNA Fingerprinting Is a representation of parts of an individual’s DNA that can be used to identify a person at a molecular level Uses the noncoding regions of DNA Used often in legal cases, paternity, and kinship 9/11/2018 SB2f

What is Genetic Engineering? Genetic engineering makes it possible to transfer DNA sequences from one organism to another. Based on the use of recombinant DNA Currently looking at ways of using recombinant DNA to make vaccines to protect against HIV. 9/11/2018 SB2f

Transgenic Organisms Putting genetic information from one type of animal or plant into another Meaning they contain genes from other species. Can be used to grow new organisms. Ex: Viruses sort of do this when they infect us. Ex: Corn with its own insecticides Ex: Inserting human genes into mice to produce various human proteins for treating diseases. 9/11/2018 SB2f

Uses of Genetic Engineering Gene Therapy Take out the bad gene, replace with a good gene Medicine Production Can use bacteria or other organisms to make medicines for humans Example: insulin production Genetically Modified Food Crops Change crops for certain purposes Resistance to pests Resistance to pesticides Square shape for more efficient packing SB2f 9/11/2018

9/11/2018 SB2f

SB2f 9/11/2018

Genetic Screening Involves the testing of DNA. Determines risk of having or passing on a genetic disorder Used to detect specific genes or proteins Can detect some genes related to an increased risk of cancer Can detect some genes known to cause genetic disorders 9/11/2018 SB2f

Cloning A “clone” is a copy of something. In genetics, a clone is an exact copy of another organism. Ex: Dolly was the 1st sheep to be cloned in 1996. Ex: Binary fission, budding, regeneration, nuclear transfer for mammals. 9/11/2018 SB2f

Selective Breeding Allowing only the animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation. Ex: Dog breeding 9/11/2018 SB2f

Hybridization Two different but related varieties or species of plants or animals are mated. Ex: Yorkie Poo 9/11/2018 SB2f

Inbreeding The mating of related individuals to establish a pure line. Ex: Golden retrievers 9/11/2018 SB2f