Graphic Organizer 8.1B and 8.1C- Civil Rights Civil Rights Movement- 1954-1968 Leaders: Martin Luther King Jr. Ms. Rosa Parks Malcolm Little aka Malcom X And others

Civil Disobedience Tactic of Dr. King- Non Violent Disobey laws that are unfair or unjust like refusing to move to another sat on the bus or refusing to leave you seat at a lunch counter that did no serve African-Americans. Significance- African Americans taking action against discrimination.

Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955- Ms. Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat to a white passenger. Boycott of the buses lasted over a year. Dr. King becomes leader of Civil Rights movement. Significance- Supreme Court rules in 1956 that segregated buses are unconstitutional. Sit where you want to. That’s the Law. Kill Jim Crow

Birmingham Alabama, 1963 Called the most segregated big city in America. Dr. King leads a march. Police use dogs and fire hoses against the marchers. Dr. King arrested. America and the world see this on TV. KKK bombs a church killing 4 girls. Significance- Birmingham changes some segregation laws. President Kennedy addresses the nation proposing a Civil Rights law. He is soon assassinated.

March on Washington 1963 Dr. King leads a march on Washington to address the issue of Civil Rights. “ I Have a dream speech” Significance- Begins to make all Americans aware of the civil rights struggle.

Freedom Summer 1964 Thousands of young people, black and white, go to Mississippi to encourage African-Americans to register to vote. Most are afraid to. Mississippi is a tough place for this. Significance- Three civil rights workers, 2 white and 1 black, are kidnapped and murdered by the KKK. “ Mississippi Burning”

Little Rock Nine 1957 Nine black students are chosen to integrate white Central High School. The governor blocks their entrance to the school. President Eisenhower sends soldiers to protect the students. Significance: The federal government would enforce the Supreme Court decision , Brown v. Board of Education, that ended school segregation.

James Meredith A Korean War Veteran. He was the first African American to enter the University of Mississippi ( 1962) Their was lots of violence. Significance- The barriers are slowly breaking down.

Black Power/Stokely Carmichael Advocated meeting violence with violence. This was a movement found mainly in the northern urban areas. This group did not always agree with Dr. Kings method of non-violent protest. Malcolm X would be more with this group. He was assassinated in 1965 in New York . Black Panthers are also more in this line.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Most important law passed since Reconstruction- LBJ got it through Congress. This law made it illegal to discriminate in anything that was public like restaurants, theaters, parks, schools etc. Significance: Jim Crow is dying.

24th Amendment This amendment made poll taxes illegal. States could not require anyone to pay a tax to vote. Significance- This begins to make it easier for blacks to vote.

Selma March/Bloody Sunday 1965 A planned march from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama was met with violence against the marchers. Thus “Bloody Sunday”. A few days later the march took place when LBJ sent the army to protect the marchers. Significance: President Johnson proposed a Voting Rights Act to Congress.

Voting Rights Act of 1965 The law made Literacy test illegal and made it easier for African- Americans in the South to vote. Significance: Black folk began voting in large numbers for the 1st time and began electing African-Americans to office.