1. MT8 : Civil Rights
LT #2:Describe key people, court cases and events during the civil rights movement ( )

2. Basic information
The information in the following power point is about important people, events and court cases that happened between to help create equality for all groups of people.

3. Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was one of very few African American lawyers in America in the early 1900’s
He focused his law skills on helping African Americans who's civil rights were being violated
Helped with better housing,
Watch the video

4. Brown v. Board of Education 1954
Thurgood Marshall waited years to find the perfect case to help overturn/change the decision of Plessy v. Ferguson (made separation/segregation ok)
Linda Brown lived 7 blocks away from a “white” school but had to walk 6 blocks to get a bus to go to a school an all African American school 1 mile away
Her father decided to sue the school saying it was not fair that his daughter had to travel to another school
Thurgood Marshall took the case to the supreme court
The supreme court ruled in favor of Brown
Stated: Separation in education is unequal/illegal
Impact: No more segregated/separate schools for kids based on race = African Americans could attend “white only” schools
Watch some of the video (first 20 minutes)

5. Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)
Rosa Parks decided one day on her way home to not get up and give up her seat to a white man
According to Jim Crow laws ( if a Caucasian(white) person did not have a seat, an African American person was to get up and move to the back of the bus, giving up their seat to the Caucasian person)
Rosa Parks was arrested
Her decision ignited/started the civil rights movement
African Americans united to boycott the Montgomery bus (refused to ride the busses)
December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956
Lasted a year, African Americans walked or carpooled
The result: ended/terminated segregated buses in the south –African Americans could sit any where any time on a bus
The buses were losing money so it was better for them to allow African Americans to sit were ever on the busses (integrated) rather than lose their money

6. Little rock 9 (1957)
9 African American students were to attend Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas
The governor of Arkansas sent state national guard to prevent the 9 African American students from attending school
An angry mob also attacked the 9 African American students
President Eisenhower had to send in the USA army to protect and all the 9 African American students to attend
Central High became the 1st integrated High school

7. Martin Luther King Jr
He was a pastor, earned a PH. D. from Boston University
Main organizer of the Montgomery Boycott
Became the “face” of the civil rights movement (main leader) ( )
Believed in non-violent resistance
Learned from Gandhi who used it to gain Indian independence from England
“We must use the weapon of love. We must realize that so many people are taught to hate us that they are not totality responsible for their hate.” MLK

8. Civil Rights act
1954
1964
President Eisenhower felt he needed to protect the right to vote
He encouraged congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1954
The law made it illegal for anyone to interfere with the right for anyone to vote
It outlawed unfair voting requirements
President Kennedy started it and President Johnson finished it
Segregation became illegal in all public places
All races/colors had access to restaurants, libraries, theaters
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Fight segregation in Jobs

9. Civil Rights movement turns violent
Started peaceful with boycotts and sit ins
Freedom riders- African Americans and Caucasians would ride buses to make them integrate/mix
Attacked by angry mobs, threw firebombs at buses, worst in Birmingham, Alabama – Freedom riders beat so bad they could not be recognized, some even killed
When James Meredith was to attend the University of Mississippi he was denied
President Kennedy sent 500 Marshalls to escort Meredith
An angry mob attacked – lasted all night

10. Cont. MLK organized a protest in Birmingham, and was arrested
He wrote “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” to request support
He was released and the protests continued
People watched on tv as the police attempted to break up the protest by beating, using the fire hose, and dogs to attack African American protesters
He organized a March on Washington D.C. (million man march) to build support
He failed to make much ground getting any more equality

11. Malcolm x 1960’s he was a young radical black leader
He joined the Nation of Muslims/Islam
Preach black nationalism
“Freedom any way necessary”
Malcolm x left Nation of Islam
Created the Black Panthers who lead more violent protest to get their point across
Assassinated in 1965

12. Affirmative Action University of California v. Bakke 1978
Why needed
Challenges
Even with all the new laws, African Americans and other minorities still were not hired or accepted to Universities at a high rate
Affirmative action laws were created to increase college graduation and job placements for minorities
University of California v. Bakke 1978
Bakke had been denied admission twice
He sued saying it wasn’t fair
He won 5-4
That schools could not use race as the only factor to let people into school

13. Questions What court case did Thurgood Marshall?
What change happened as a result of Brown vs. Board of education?
What did Rosa Parks do that got her put in jail?
What was the result of the Montgomery bus boycott?
What did the 9 kids from little rock do that was important?
Who was Martin Luther King?
What is affirmative action?