1. Unit Eleven Extension Activity Martin Luther King, Jr.

2. Meet Martin Luther King “I Have a Dream”

3. (African-American) Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)

4. The Brown Decision (1954) The Supreme Court ruled on the landmark case Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans, agreeing that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional( 違憲的 ).

5. Emmett Till & Rosa Parks (1955)

6. Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat at the front of the “colored section” of a bus to a white passenger.

7. The Montgomery Bus Boycott Blacks walked 382 days until the buses were desegregated on Dec. 21, 1956.

8. 2. It was regarded as the beginning of the Modern Civil Rights Movement. Significance of Boycott 1.40,000 blacks in Montgomery succeeded in fighting against segregation on municipal buses reflected new attitude of protest by southern blacks.

9. 4. It led to similar protests by blacks in other Southern cities. 3. King was seen as national civil rights leader and spokesman of Modern Civil Rights Movement.

10. Southern Christian Leadership Conference Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in front of SCLC Headquarters in Atlanta S.C.L.C (1957)

11. Southern Christian Leadership Conference In 1957, King subsequently set up the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) as a base for non- violent marches, protests, and demonstrations for African American rights. King led the SCLC until his death.

12. Sit-In (1960) Four students from N.C. began a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter. The event triggered many similar non-violent protests throughout the South.

13. Freedom-Riders (1961) Student volunteers began taking bus trips through the South to test out new laws that prohibited segregation in interstate travel facilities. Several of the groups of “freedom riders” were attacked by angry mobs along the way.

14. Letter from Birmingham Jail (Apr., 1963) Martin Luther King was arrested and jailed during anti- segregation protests in Birmingham. He wrote his seminal “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” arguing that individuals had the moral duty to disobey unjust laws.

15. “I Have a Dream” speech (Aug.,1963) About 200,000 people joined in the March on Washington. Martin Luther King delivered his famous speech “I Have a Dream” at the Lincoln Memorial.

16. Nobel Peace Prize Winner Nobel Peace Prize (Aug.,1964)

17. In 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for his dedication to ending racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means.

18. Murder of three civil-rights workers (1964) Goodman, Chaney, and Schwerner— They had been working to register black voters in Mississippi.

19. The Selma to Montgomery Marches--Bloody Sunday (March, 1965) Blacks began a march to Montgomery in support of voting rights but were stopped by a police blockade. Fifty marchers were hospitalized after police used tear gas, whips, and clubs against them.

20. Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Aug., 1965) Congress passes the Voting Rights Act of 1965, making it easier for Southern blacks to register to vote.

21. Assassination In 1968, King, at age 39, was shot as he stood on the balcony outside his hotel room in Tennessee. Assassination (April 4, 1968)

22. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a U.S. federal holiday in 1986. It is on the 3rd Monday of January each year, which is around the time of King’s birthday, January 15.

23. Martin Luther King