Mr. Stowinsky World History The Reformation Mr. Stowinsky World History

Luther Leads the Reformation Causes of the Reformation The printing press spread secular ideas Rulers challenged the Church’s political power Merchants didn’t want to pay taxes to the Church

Criticisms of the Church Many priests married or had children, which is against church teaching Lower ranking monks were poorly educated Many clergy drank or gambled

Luther Challenges the Church Indulgence – a pardon, sinners could pay to remove sin Martin Luther – monk who saw corruption in the Church and wanted to see change 95 theses – list of problems Luther had with the Church Nailed them to the front door of his church Rejected the authority of the Pope Reformation – movement for religious reform

Luther’s Teachings People could only be saved with God’s forgiveness – rejected the selling of indulgences All Church teachings should be based on the Bible – the Pope and Church traditions were false authorities All people with faith are equal – priests don’t need to interpret the Bible for them

Response to Luther The Pope saw him as a threat and had him excommunicated The Holy Roman Emperor declared Luther a traitor and heretic A new form of Christianity emerged – Lutheran Protestant – non-Catholic churches Peace of Augsburg – each German prince would decided if his state was Catholic or Protestant

England Become Protestant King Henry VIII wanted a son to inherit the English throne His wife, Catherine of Aragon, only had a daughter and could not have any more children Henry wanted a divorce but the pope would not allow it Parliament allowed the divorce and made Henry head of the Church in England Secretly married a younger girl, Anne Boleyn

Protestantism in England Henry’s daughter Elizabeth I set up the Church of England, or Anglican Church England was now Protestant and broken away from the Catholic Church Protestantism spread to other parts of Europe

Section 4 – The Reformation Continues Calvin Continues the Reformation John Calvin founded Calvinism Predestination – God had already chosen who will be saved and who will not Theocracy – government controlled by religious leaders Calvinism spread to Scotland and became known as Presbyterian Spread to France and was called Huguenot

Other Protestant Reformers Anabaptists – believed you should not be baptized until you’re an adult. Church and state should be separate. Refuse to go to war Mennonites, Amish, Quakers, and Baptists came from them

The Catholic Reformation Catholic Reformation – The Catholic Church’s attempts to fix its problems and fight back at Protestantism Jesuits – Catholics who founded schools, converted non-Catholics to Catholicism, and tried to stop the spread of Protestantism

Reforming popes Paul III attempted to stop the false selling of indulgences Council of Trent – 18-year meeting of Catholic bishops and cardinals The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final Christians needed faith and good works for salvation The Bible and Church were equally powerful authorities Indulgences were still allowed, but only for appropriate reasons and only by church officials Pope Paul IV made a list of banned books and had them all gathered up and burned

Legacy of the Reformation Several versions of Christianity Europe was now culturally and religiously divided More of an emphasis on education Cities and nations gained power as the Church lost it People continued to study and question things