Relationship between CCP and KMT from 1921 to 1935 By: Cheong Kai Lun (3), jason tan xin an (7), Ong Yu Ze (15)

First united front

Aim Rid china of foreigners and militaries Full national independence and unification

Reasons Russia CCP KMT

Reasons: Soviet Russia Soviet Russia saw china as a potential ally However they supported the KMT as they had bigger membership and more influence over workers than CCP

Reasons: CCP Persuasion from Russian Comintern Both Russian Comintern and CCP wanted to use KMT base to expand their influence and eventually break away with it At this time CCP only had 432 members Not regarded by Russians as suitable instrument of revolution in China

Reasons: KMT Achievement of national unification and full national independence Believed that all Chinese should participate in national revolution Could use CCP ties with workers, peasants and Soviet aid to reorganize KMT If CCP developed too fast it might undermine SYS’ cause of national revolution

Nature of First united Front CCP joined KMT CCP had to accept order and discipline from KMT CCP had to publicly accept KMT as leader and central force

Outcome Northern Expedition to conquer South China Expel the warlords

Northern Expedition

Aim [KMT aim] Destroy the power of northern warlords (militarily) [CCP aim] Once warlords defeated, seize China

Northern Expedition SYS felt strong enough to negotiate with the Northern warlords But he died CKS took over SYS as leader of KMT

What happened? Once force would attack Wuhan The other attacks Nanzhang, Nanjing and Shanghai At the same time KMT and CCP fought for peasant and townspeople support

Northern Expedition

Outcome KMT and CCP took over half of the warlord dominated area Led to the breakdown of the First United Front Worsened relations between the CCP and KMT CCP gained support

The 分手

Reasons Different political views on change: CCP -> Violent Revolution; KMT -> Gradual Reform CCP activities, aims, methods threatened middle classes who supported KMT SYS death (Helped keep alliance together) Success of Northern Expedition, KMT feel no longer need CCP support Alliance not fully committed ( based on desire for political power)

Elab on Reasons… CKS alarmed by growing support of CCP NE caused a rapid growth of support for CCP CCP encouraged workers to go on strike, resulting in fear of revolution by middle-class However, CKS had moved closer to the right wingers, forming personal and political ties with them Communist activities  EMBARRASMENT Since KMT conquered Southern China, no need CCP help -> Breakdown of alliance

What Happened CCP instigated rebellion in Shanghai BEFORE KMT came KMT came, rounded up communists and killed them Later, KMT executed more communists in Guangzhou, forcing them to flee

Outcome Communist retreated to countryside CKS wanted conquer all China Contributed to Shanghai Massacre

Shanghai Massacre Head (:

Aim Reduce communist influence and power in China

Reasons Uncomfertable alliance between the KMT and CCP Growing support of CCP -> CKS felt power of CCP had to be cut back

What Happened? CKS wanted to seize Shanghai(which had a lot of communists) during NE General strike by communist broke out Authorities decided to execute suspected communists KMT took control of Shanghai However, communist leadership had no idea what true situation was as they forbid any opposition to KMT

Outcome Thousands communist killed Communist cells raided Trade unions eliminateed Communist positions in United Front Dropped