1. Communists Take Power China

2. Chinese Political Opponents 1945 NationalistsCommunists Jiang Jieshi Leader Mao Zedong Area Ruled Foreign Support Domestic Policy Public Support Military Organization

3. Chinese Political Opponents 1945 NationalistsCommunists Jiang Jieshi Leader Mao Zedong Southern China Area Ruled Northern China Foreign Support Domestic Policy Public Support Military Organization

4. Chinese Political Opponents 1945 NationalistsCommunists Jiang Jieshi Leader Mao Zedong Southern China Area Ruled Northern China United States Foreign Support Soviet Union Domestic Policy Public Support Military Organization

5. Chinese Political Opponents 1945 NationalistsCommunists Jiang Jieshi Leader Mao Zedong Southern China Area Ruled Northern China United States Foreign Support Soviet Union Defeat Communists Domestic Policy National Liberation Public Support Military Organization

6. Chinese Political Opponents 1945 NationalistsCommunists Jiang Jieshi Leader Mao Zedong Southern China Area Ruled Northern China United States Foreign Support Soviet Union Defeat Communists Domestic Policy National Liberation Weak; due to inflation and failing economy Public Support Strong; due to promised land reform for peasants Military Organization

7. Chinese Political Opponents 1945 NationalistsCommunists Jiang Jieshi Leader Mao Zedong Southern China Area Ruled Northern China United States Foreign Support Soviet Union Defeat Communists Domestic Policy National Liberation Weak; due to inflation and failing economy Public Support Strong; due to promised land reform for peasants Ineffective, corrupt leadership and poor morale Military Organization Experienced, motivated guerilla army

8. Two Chinas Communists defeated Nationalists and took over country Nationalist China- Taiwan Communist China- Mainland

9. Super Powers US supported Taiwan Soviets supported Mainland (Communist)

10. Communist China Expands Mao took Tibet, India, and Inner Mongolia Tibet- 1950-52 promised autonomy to Tibetans, but forced Dali Lama into exile in India where many refugees were accepted after a failed revolt in 1959

11. Marxist Socialism Agrarian Reform Law 1950 seized land from landholders (killed more than a million) and divided land among the peasants Nationalized private companies 1953- A five year plan for industry production to increase

12. Great Leap Forward 1958-Large collective farms called Communes Peasants worked land together Owned nothing- ate, slept, and lived with one another “A Giant Step Backward”- no incentive to work hard

13. Cultural Revolution Mao urged students to make revolution Red Guards wanted to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal Intellectuals were dangerous so colleges were shut down and intellectuals were forced to do hard labor Eventually the army was ordered to stop the Red Guards