1. Chapter 14 Section 3

2. Imperial China Collapses Chapter 14 Section 3 Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty 1911: Revolutionary Alliance Nationalist: someone who is loyal to a nation, not a leader, or govt. Kuomintang The Nationalist Party - a political party Led by Sun Yixian ( soon yee-shyahn) wants nationalization and modernization

3. Shaky Start for the New Republic 1912: Sun is president of new republic “four hundred million people gathered together in one China, in reality, they are just a heap of loose sand.” Modern govt. based on three principles: 1.) nationalism – an end to foreign control Vital : The Chinese must support China 2.) people’s rights – democracy 3.) people’s livelihood – economic security

4. A Massive Mess  Sun is not strong enough to bring the people together  Turns power over to General Yuan Shikai  throws out the idea of democracy  Local revolts everywhere because of this  local leaders (Warlords) gain strength, control as much territory as they can  1916: Yuan Shikai dies  Civil War: A war among the people of a nation

5. World War I  1917: Govt. in Beijing, hoping Allies win, declares war against Germany  Want back land Germany took years ago  Allies give land to Japan  May 4th Movement  students riot in anger – spreads across nation  Workers, shopkeepers, professionals join  Sun Yixian could not solidify central rule  Many young Chinese turn to Lenin’s ideas of government

6. The Communist Party in China The Chinese Communist Party  Formed in 1921  Led by Mao Zedong ( MOW dzuh-dahng)  Assistant librarian at Beijing University  Believes communism can work in the countryside – the peasants will rise up and seize power (remember, Lenin believed in an overthrow by the workers in the cities)

7. Lenin supports China  The Communists and Kuomintang joined forces  Lenin sent military advisors and equipment to aid their revolutionary movement

8. Peasants align with Communists  Sun Yixian dies in 1925  Jiang Jieshi:  New Leader of Kuomintang  Son of middle class merchant  Followed by businessmen and bankers  *Does not want economy that has everyone equal*  His govt. is less democratic and more corrupt  Peasants support the Communists

9. Nationalists v. Communists  At first, Nationalists and Communists work together to defeat the warlords  April 1927 Nationalist troops and armed gangs kill Communists in the city of Shanghai (Shanghai Massacre)  1928 Jiang Jieshi becomes President of the Nationalist Republic of China

10. Civil War rages in China  Communists  Led by Mao Zedong  Peasants of countryside join the Red Army trains them in guerilla warfare  The Long March 1933  Jiang Jieshi sends his army of 700,000 men Surround Communist in mountains  Communists retreat: circle about 6,000 miles; staying ahead of the Nationalists

12. Japan Invades China  1931: Japan invaded Manchuria  1937  All-out attack on China  Thousands of Chinese die  By 1938 Japan controls a large part of China  Nationalists and Communists stop fighting so they can fight Japan