1. Early Republic 1912-1927 Rise of Warlordism May 4 th Movement Party Politics Guomindang(GMD)-Communist (CCP) Alliance Guomindang “Rule” 1927-1949

2. May Fourth Movement: Intellectual and Political Concerns Political Concerns: Nationalism Anti-imperialism Anti-warlord Mass Movements Intellectual Concerns Social Darwinism New Culture Literary Reform Mass Education

3. Leading Intellectual Figures Chen Duxiu (1879-1942) Beida Dean (1917-1919) Studied in Japan Chinese Youth Founder of New Youth Magazine Mr. Science and Mr. Democracy Co-founder Chinese Communist Party

4. Call to Youth! (1915) Be independent, not servile Be progressive, not conservative Be aggressive, not retiring Be cosmopolitan, not isolationist Be utilitarian, not formalistic Be scientific, not imaginative

5. Li Dazhao (1888-1927) Li Dazhao (1889-1927) Beida Librarian, Historian Studied in Japan Co-editor of New Youth Founder of Marxist Study Group Co-founder of CCP

6. Chinese Communist Party (CCP) 1921, Shanghai Russian Revolution, Comintern “Scientific theory of historical progress” Leninist role of Party suited to Chinese intellectuals Marxist World View place China in forefront Chinese Communist Poster With Lenin

7. Reorganization of Nationalist Party GMD Governments in Canton stabilized in 1923 Sun-Joffee Agreement (Adolf Joffee, Comintern agent) China not ready for Socialist System Present goal: reunification and national independence Soviets willing to negotiate return of Czarist rights Renounce claims on Outer Mongolia

8. Michael Borodin1884-1951 Comintern Agent

9. First United Front (1923-1927) Comintern Influence Whampoa Academy 1924 GMD- CCP United Front Newspapers Mass Organizations Labor Unions Peasant Associations Women’s Associations

10. Zhou Enlai, Political Director Whampoa, 1927

11. Best Looking Chinese Leader?

12. Rise of Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (1888- 1975) Top military advisor to Sun Yat-sen (d. 1925) Commandant of Whampoa Leader of Northern Expedition

13. Northern Expedition 1927 Defeat Warlords in South and Central China Consolidate Chiang’s control of Guomindang Shanghai Massacre April 1927 Split with CCP Nationalist Government established in Nanjing

14. Guomindang Arrests Shanghai 1927

15. Disease of Skin vs. Disease of the Heart Rising nationalism Encirclement Campaigns 1930-34 Manchurian Incident September 18, 1931 Japanese Seizure of Manchuria Zhang Xueliang, Manchurian Warlord