Exam questions on the functions of the skeletal system. Recap from last lesson Exam questions on the functions of the skeletal system. Target grade 4 Movement is one of the functions of the skeleton. (i) Name three other functions. 1. ____________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________ (3marks) 5 Describe two function of the skeletal system. (4 marks) 6 Explain two functions of the skeletal system. (4 marks) Explain the role of the skeletal system in producing movement of the body. (5 marks) 8 Explain the role of the skeletal system in providing the body with protection, give one sporting example to support your answer. (6 marks) Q- 7 7 - Award up to five marks for a full explanation of the role the skeletal system plays in producing movement. • The skeletal system allows movement at a joint / the shape and type of the bones determine the amount of movement / short bones enable finer controlled movements / long bones enable gross movement • The different joint types allow different types of movement / hinge joint allows extension and flexion / ball and socket allows flexion, extension, abduction and adduction and circular motion • The skeleton provides a point of attachment for muscles / when muscles (contract) they pull the bone. [5]

What is this called? Synovial joint Synovial joints are crucial in sport and exercise as they allow movement.

L.O - To explore the joints in the body and the components of the synovial joint. I can locate one joint in the body. I can locate several joints in the body and state one component of a synovial joint. I can state several components and describe several components of the synovial joint. I can explain how the components of the synovial joint prevents injury. I can analyse how the components of the synovial joint can prevent injury. Ext… and respond to an exam question. 1 / 2 3 4 / 5 6 / 7 8 / 9 U D C B A A*

SKELTON Can you locate the joints in the body? What is a joint? I can locate one joint in the body. I can locate several joints in the body and state one component of a synovial joint SKELTON Can you locate the joints in the body? What is a joint? “It is a place where two or more bones meet to create movement.”

Can you name the structure of a synovial joint? Can you describe each component?

Components of a synovial joint Synovial membrane: surrounds the joint, containing the synovial fluid and produces synovial fluid. Synovial fluid: Lubricates the joint Cartilage: covers the ends of the bones providing a smooth, friction-free surface. Ligaments: joins bone to bone Bursae: Fluid filled bags of synovial fluid that reduce friction from the movement of tendons Joint capsule: surrounding all of the joint, is a tough capsule

L.O - To explore the joints in the body and the components of the synovial joint. I can locate one joint in the body. I can locate several joints in the body and state one component of a synovial joint. I can state several components and describe several components of the synovial joint. I can explain how the components of the synovial joint prevents injury. I can analyse how the components of the synovial joint can prevent injury. Ext… and respond to an exam question. 1 / 2 3 4 / 5 6 / 7 8 / 9 U D C B A A*

Task Using your prior knowledge create a diagram and label your synovial joint with key terms. Ext.. Justify why you have located the components of the synovial joint where you have.

How does a joint prevent injury? Ligaments Cartilage Synovial Fluid Functions: These join bone to bone. Structure: They are bands of connective tissue that are very tough and resilient. The ligaments prevent movements that are extreme and help to stop dislocation. Cartilage consists of touch tissue that acts as a shock absorber. A material which covers the end of each bone, and which helps prevent friction between the joint. It is found in the body where there is a great amount of stress- for example the knee joint Lubricate the joint Protect the joint Help to stabilise the joint and keeps joint steady

Function and structure. Joint Capsule Bursa Function Encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid. Structure A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane. Reduces friction between tendons and bones. A closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones.

CAN YOU APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE? 1. Define the main role of a synovial joint (1 mark) 3 4 / 5 6 / 7 8 / 9 2. State one bone, one joint and one muscle which would be involved when the arm is moved. Named bone ______________________________________________ Named joint ______________________________________________ Named muscle _____________________________________(3 marks) 3. Name the components of the synovial joint. (5 marks) 4. Explain the structure of three components of the synovial joint. (6 marks)

L.O - To explore the joints in the body and the components of the synovial joint. I can locate one joint in the body. I can locate several joints in the body and state one component of a synovial joint. I can state several components and describe several components of the synovial joint. I can explain how the components of the synovial joint prevents injury. I can analyse how the components of the synovial joint can prevent injury. Ext… and respond to an exam question. 1 / 2 3 4 / 5 6 / 7 8 / 9 U D C B A A*