1. SYNOVIAL JOINTS What are they?!

2. Skeletal System

4. Features of a synovial joint include:  Articular capsule joint capsule; the saclike envelope enclosing the cavity of a synovial joint. Articular capsule joint capsule; the saclike envelope enclosing the cavity of a synovial joint.  Articular cartilage reduce friction and absorb shock. Articular cartilage reduce friction and absorb shock.  Synovial membrane the inner layer of the capsule which secretes synovial fluid Synovial membrane the inner layer of the capsule which secretes synovial fluid  Synovial fluid a lubricating liquid Synovial fluid a lubricating liquid  Bursae a small fluid-filled sac situated in places in tissues where friction would otherwise occur. Bursae a small fluid-filled sac situated in places in tissues where friction would otherwise occur.  Meniscus A disk of cartilage that acts as a cushion between the ends of bones in a joint. Meniscus A disk of cartilage that acts as a cushion between the ends of bones in a joint. Skeletal System

5.  The 6 types of synovial joint are: The 6 types of synovial joint are:  Ball and socket Ball and socket  Hinge Hinge  Pivot Pivot  Gliding Gliding  Condyloid (ellisoid) Condyloid (ellisoid)  Saddle Saddle synovial joint types Skeletal System

6. Hinge Joint This allows movement in one plane only : UNIAXIAL Examples: Knee Joint - used extensively in sport. Arm Joint

7. Pivot Joint This allows rotation only and is therefore also uniaxial. Examples: Axis and atlas bones of cervical vertebrae

8. Ellipsoid Joint This is biaxial, allowing movement in two planes Examples: Radio- carpal joint of the wrist

9. Gliding Joint This is when two flat surfaces glide over one another and can permit movement in most directions, although mainly biaxial. Examples: Carpel Bones in the Wrist

10. Saddle Joint This is when a concave surface meets a convex surface and is biaxial. Examples: Carpal- metacarpal joint of the thumb.

11. Ball and Socket Joint This allows a wide range of movement and occurs when a round head of bone fits into a cup-shaped depression. Examples: Shoulder joint

12. What holds our bones at a joint? LIGAMENTS! These are bands of c……………. t…………. between bones. They prevent extreme movement and d…………………. They are very tough and help join bones together and keep them stable. Some form the s…………… c…………… while others are outside the capsule.

13. Why don’t our bones bang together?! CARTLIAGE! This is soft connective tissue. Cartilage has no b………… supply but receives nutrition through diffusion from the surrounding c……………… network. There are three types of cartliage.. Yellow, hyaline/blue articular and white fibro

14. Articulating bones These are the bones present at a synovial joint that allow the m………………… to take place. An example in the shoulder joint would be… Which is what type of joint?

15. How does a healthy lifestyle effect a performers joints? How does a HAL benefit joints? Short and long term benefits Movement = secretion of s……………… fluid which increases the r…… of movement at a joint Long term increase in flexibility Increase bone st............... and c……………. and phosphate Thicker h…………….. cartilage Greater stretch potential of ligaments

16. PRACTICAL EXAMPLES Think of a practical example for each of the Synovial Joints. Hinge Sprinting PivotTurning head in Hockey EllipsoidForehand clear in Badminton GlidingDribbling the ball in Hockey SaddleGripping tennis racket with thumb Ball + SocketAthlete throwing a Javelin

17. Table teasers.. In your tables, come up with a multiple choice question about something that you have learnt today or during the past couple of lessons. You will then choose a table to question and see if they can get the correct answer.