1. The Skeleton

2. Bones of the human skeleton
You do not have to learn the names of all of the bones in the human body !

3. Functions of the skeleton
Support – Your bones give your body its overall shape.
Movement – Along with your muscles they allow us to move.
Protection – Some bones protect vital organs such as the brain, heart and lungs

4. A joint is the point where 2 or more bones come together.
What is a joint ?
A joint is the point where 2 or more bones come together.

5. Types of joint
There are many different types of joint in the human body – we will only consider 3 of them !

6. Is the skull just one bone ?
Fixed Joints
Is the skull just one bone ?

7. The skull is made of 22 bones !
Fixed Joints
The skull is made of 22 bones !
14 of these are in the face !
The bones of your skull are joined together and cannot move (except the lower jaw).

8. Allows the arm to bend in ONE direction
Hinge Joints
The elbow joint
Allows the arm to bend in ONE direction

9. The knee is another type of hinge joint
Hinge Joints
The knee is another type of hinge joint

10. Allows ROTATION in all directions
Ball and Socket Joints
The hip joint
Allows ROTATION in all directions

11. Can you see another ball and socket joint ?
Ball and Socket Joints
Can you see another ball and socket joint ?
Shoulder
Hip

12. Types of Joints - Summary Copy and fill in this summary table

13. Types of Joints - Summary Rotation in all directions
Type of joint
Example
Type of movement
Fixed
Hinge
Ball and socket
Skull
None
Knee and elbow
Bend in one direction
Shoulder and Hip
Rotation in all directions

14. They are called synovial joints and they are full of synovial fluid
Most joints that allow movement contain liquid and have a similar structure
They are called synovial joints and they are full of synovial fluid

15. Synovial Joint Structure
ligament
ligament
Synovial membrane
Cartilage
Synovial fluid
Femur (leg bone)

16. Parts of a Synovial Joint
Ligaments – hold bones in place preventing dislocation
Synovial fluid – reduces friction as the bones slide across one another
Synovial membrane – produces and encases the synovial fluid
Cartilage – acts as a shock absorber to protect the ends of the bones