Text Structures Informational Text
What are text structures? Text structures are organizational patterns for informational texts. Authors use certain text structures to help their audience better understand the information presented.
What are the types of informational text structures? The most common are: CAUSE AND EFFECT COMPARE/CONTRAST PROBLEM AND SOLUTION SEQUENCE/CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER DESCRIPTION
CAUSE AND EFFECT Definition Author presents facts or ideas as causes and the resulting effects
CAUSE AND EFFECT signal words/phrases As a result Because Consequently For this reason If…then Since Therefore
COMPARE/CONTRAST Definition Compares and contrasts specific elements of two or more things; how are they alike and different
COMPARE/CONTRAST signal words/phrases Alike As opposed to Different In common On the other hand Similar
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION Definition Describes a problem and its solution(s)
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION signal words/phrases Affect As a result Because Consequently For this reason If…then Since therefore
SEQUENCE/ CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER Definition Author lists events in chronological order based on time
SEQUENCE/CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER signal words/phrases First Next Last Then After Before Later
DESCRIPTION Definition Author describes a topic by listing characteristics, facts, attributes or examples
DESCRIPTION signal words/phrases for example characteristics for instance such as is like including to illustrate
TEXT STRUCTURE GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS ..\1st 9 Weeks\Thinking Maps.ppt
Let’s Practice Read the following passage. Determine the text structure and explain how it contributes to the overall development of ideas.
In the game of volleyball, players hit a ball over a long net that stretches across a court. There are twelve players on the court at one time—six players per team. The game of tennis is similar to volleyball in that a ball is hit over a long net on a court, but this is all the two sports have in common. In tennis, the ball is hit with a racquet, and only two or four players are on the court at one time.
In your small groups, discuss the following prompts In your small groups, discuss the following prompts. You may use your guided notes as a resource. 1. Determine the text structure of the passage. 2. Explain what clues led you to determine that text structure.
Now it’s your turn! Your teacher will distribute an Informational Text Structures practice sheet to you. Read each of the passages, highlight signal words/phrases, and determine the text structure for each one. Be prepared to discuss as a class.