1. Text Structure
( Text Organization)

2. Descriptive Listing Chronological/ Sequential Cause/Effect
Six Types of Expository Text Organizational Patterns/ Internal Structures
Descriptive
Listing
Chronological/
Sequential
Cause/Effect
Comparison/Contrast
Problem/Solution

3. Descriptive Presents a specific topic and addresses its attributes
No specific signal words
Ask yourself, is the author trying to tell the reader what something is?

4. Listing
States main topic in the topic sentence and has a list of examples for support.
Signal words: first, second, third, next, last, finally
Is the author trying to give a specific list of things that are related to the topic and tell about each?

5. Chronological Order (Time Order, Sequential Order)
Tells “what happened when”
Used in fiction, history, biography, autobiography, and news stories
Key Words
During
Eventually
First/Last
Later
Meanwhile
May include “flashbacks” to tell about past events, or “flash-forwards” to show the results of present events in the future

6. Cause and Effect (one event or condition leads to another)
A cause is an event that makes another event occur
An effect is the result
Used in persuasive speeches and essays
shows how one thing leads to another (example: Because of the drought, the risk of a forest fire is very high.)
Key Words
As a result So
Thus
For this reason
Consequently

7. Comparison and Contrast (draws attention to similarities and differences)
Used for explaining, defining, and directing
A comparison shows how things are alike
A contrast shows how things are different
Example: a writer could explain Mars by comparing and contrasting it to Earth
Key Words
Compare Contrast
Also ● Instead
Either ... Or ● Nevertheless
By comparison ●On the contrary
The same as ● Unlike

8. Problem/Solution
States a problem in topic sentence; supporting details describe the problem, its causes, and solutions
Signal words or phrases: a problem is, a solution is, the problem is solved by
Is the author trying to state a problem and offer some solutions?

9. Let’s Practice
As we read through the selection below, help me to determine the Text Structure being used.
In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities.

10. What do you think? If you said CAUSE & EFFECT, you are correct!
In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities.

11. practice
Now you will practice identifying text structures independently.
For each question you will need to identify the type of text structure AND place the information from the passage into the correct graphic organizer. Question 1 has been completed for you.
You may complete this practice independently or with a partner

12. Wrap up Now let’s check our answers! Passage 1 – Compare and Contrast
Passage 2 – Chronological Order
Passage 3 – Chronological Order
Passage 4 – Problem and Solution
Passage 5 – Cause and Effect
Passage 6 - Sequence