1. Text Structures

2. What is a text structure?
“Text structure” refers to how a piece of text or writing is built or put together.

3. Authors…
Structure their work differently for different types of texts.
For example, authors of fiction use a different text structure than an author of non-fiction.

4. Non-Fiction Different Structures for Different Purposes
Chronology
Compare/Contrast
Cause and Effect
Description/Categorization
Problem/Solution
Position/Reason

5. Text Structure Review: Lesson 1
Objective: REVIEW 3 TEXT STRUCTURES and ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS FOR Chronology/Sequential Order Compare/Contrast Cause and Effect

6. Chronological/Sequential Order
Purpose:
Nonfiction: to inform
Fiction: to entertain
To show events in the order in which they occurred or to show steps in a process.
Chronological: events
Sequential: steps or process

7. Chronological Order Keywords
first, next, later, then, and finally –can you think of any more?
Even dates or time periods in history give a sense of time.

8. CHRONOLOGY/SEQUENCE/ ORDER – TIMELINE1 2 3

9. OR A CYCLE/PROCESS Can you think of cycle or process?1 2 3 4 5

10. For Example…

11. Compare/Contrast Comparisons – show how things are alike
Contrast – shows how things are different
Suppose an author wanted to explain how these two faces are similar and different.
The author would need to use compare and contrast.

12. COMPARE/CONTRAST Venn diagrams allow you to all the information in one place.

13. For Example…

14. Cause/Effect Text Structure
Purpose: to explain how and why things happen.
How one event leads to another
Why decisions are made.
Cause/Effect Keywords
cause, effect, as a result, consequently, and so.

15. Organizing Cause/Effect
You may have one or more causes that create on huge effect
which may in turn create one or more other effects as well.

16. For Example…

17. How could your organize the cause and effects of flooding?
Draw your own causal chain using the information from the passage?
Let’s go back to the passage.

18. Text structures we’ve learned so far
Chronological Order
Compare and Contrast
Cause and Effect

19. Match the clue words! Compare/Contrast Cause/Effect
Can you identify the text structure that these clue words indicate?
on the other hand similarity
Compare/Contrast
Cause/Effect
as a result
Chronological Order
after that
Uncover the answers to see if you are right!

20. Problem/Solution Text Structure
Purpose:
to explain a problem, and then offer one or more solutions.

21. Problem/Solution Keywords
Synonyms for problem:
difficulty, struggle, uncertainty, worry, threat, and trouble
Synonyms for solution:
possibility, hope, bright spot, answer, and future

22. Organizing Problem Solution
Steps to Solution #1
Steps to Solution #2
Steps to Solution #3

23. Another way…
Problem
Solution

24. For Example…

25. Position/Reason Author’s Purpose: to persuade/influence
Gives reasons why an idea or point should or should not be supported.
Article states someone’s position and gives reasons why they do or do not support something.

26. Organizing Position/Reason
Position/Main Idea
Reason/Details

27. What in this passage is a fact and what is an opinion
What in this passage is a fact and what is an opinion? What argument is being made?

28. Sort out the Facts from the Opinions.

29. Last One… Description/Categorization
IF the author wants you to know or describe how something looks, moves, works, etc he or she may use this type of text structure.
Also used to show which things can be organized into LIKE categories or groups based on some identifying characteristic.

30. Last One… Description/Categorization
Texts organized using this structure will list various types of things and their characteristics which set them apart from other things that have similar qualities.
Organizational charts used to help sort out texts with a lot of information can be webs, venn diagrams and descriptive matrixes.

31. Text Structures Chronology Cause/Effect Problem/Solution
Shows sequential order
Steps in a process
Order of events
Chronology
Describes a cause
Shows resulting effects
Cause/Effect
States a problem
Suggests a solution
Problem/Solution
States a position to support or not support an idea
Gives reasons for position
Position/Reason
Lists items in a category
Gives descriptions of each
Description/
Categorization
Shows how things are similar
Shows how things are different
Compare/Contrast

32. All Done!!!