Chapter 2: Matter and Change Section 2.1 Properties of Matter Pg. 28-31

Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Volume is the amount of space an object takes up. Which object below has greater mass? Which object below has greater volume?

How can we describe matter? We can describe matter as having extensive properties or intensive properties. Extensive property- a property that depends on the amount of matter. Ex. Mass & volume Intensive property- a property that depend on the type of matter (not the amount of matter) ex. color, texture

Identifying a Substance A substance is matter that has a uniform and definite composition. Every sample of a substance has the same intensive properties Ex. A copper watering can has the same intensive properties as a piece of copper wire We can identify substances according to physical properties A physical property is a property that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance ex. Color, hardness, shininess, conductivity, malleability, boiling point, melting point

States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas -Matter that has a definite shape and volume -Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape -Matter that does not have a definite shape or volume -Particles are packed together tightly in an orderly arrangement -Particles are close together but not in a rigid or orderly way -Particles are much farther apart and move freely -Difficult to squeeze or compress and expand slightly when heated -Expand slightly when heated -Easily compressed into a smaller volume http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/

Vapor versus Gas We use the term GAS for substances (like oxygen) that exist as gases at room temperature We use the term VAPOR to describe the gaseous state for substances that are usually liquids or solids at room temperature (like water vapor)

Physical Changes Physical change – a change in the properties of a substance that does NOT change the composition of the substance Ex. Melting, freezing, boiling, grinding, crushing and tearing are all examples of physical changes