Government and Politics of China: Idea and Governance Dr. Jongpil Chung Kyung Hee University jongpil@khu.ac.kr

Outline Marxism-Leninism Mao Zedong’s Thought Deng Xiaoping’s Theory Three Representations (Jiang Zemin) Harmonious Society (Hu Jintao)

Ideology Ideology is a set of political values, feelings, and ideas that guides individuals to act or behave in a certain manner for the purpose of achieving a particular goal. Chinese Communist Ideology: 1) influence of the Chinese Revolution 2) ideas of Marxism-Leninism 3) thought of Mao Zedong

Marxism-Leninism Historical Materialism 1) mode of production 2) superstructures Dialectical Materialism synthesis thesis antithesis

Historical Process to Communist Society Primitive Communal Society Slave Society Feudal Society Capitalistic Society (Socialist Society) Communist Society

Leninism (Modification of Marxism) 1) raw materials, cheap labour in underdeveloped countries (colonies) 2) revolutionary party 3) democratic centralism

Mao Zedong’s Thought Peasantry as the base for revolution Mass Line and Populism (Campaigns) Theory and Practice Contradiction 1) antagonistic contradiction 2) non-antagonistic contradiction Permanent Revolution

Criticisms of Mao’s Thought 1) “rightist” rectification campaign 2) promoting “excessive targets” and issuing “arbitrary decisions” 3) undermined inner-party democracy 4) divorced both from the party organization and from the masses

Deng Xiaoping’s Theory Socialism with Chinese Characteristics 1) market-style reforms 2) open door to foreign investment Four Cardinal Principles 1) upholding the socialist path 2) upholding the people's democratic dictatorship 3) upholding the leadership of the CPC 4) upholding Marxist-Leninist-Mao Zedong thought

Problems of Deng’s Reform 1) “new rich”: the new wealthy group of entrepreneurs 2) widening economic division 3) decadent influences from the West: corruption 4) moral and ethical deterioration

Jiang Zemin’s Thought 1) Spiritual Civilization 2) Market Economy as “Primary Stage of Socialism” 3) “Three Talks or Stresses” 4) Three Representations (promotion of advanced productive development, cultural and ethical progress, welfare and benefits for the people)

Hu Jintao’s Harmonious Society 1) Scientific Development 2) Harmonious Society 3) Peaceful Development