The Nature of Matter Chapter 2

What will we learn today? Today we will analyze physical and chemical properties, matter, and substance using Cornell and power Notes, task cards and maps.

1. Describing Matter 2. Matter –what is it? 3. Anything that has mass and takes up space. 3. The “stuff” around you 3. List three examples 4

2. Properties of Matter 3. Matter can have different properties or characteristics 3. Substance – what is it? 4. Single kind of matter that is pure with specific properties. 4. Examples of a substance 5.

3. Every form of matter has two kinds of properties 3. Non-examples of a substance 4 3. Every form of matter has two kinds of properties 4. Physical properties 4. Chemical properties

With the Task Cards – Questions and answers B Starts STOP With the Task Cards – Questions and answers B Starts

2. Physical Properties of matter 3. A characteristic of a substance that does not form a new substance. 3. Examples : solid, liquid, Gas 3. Other examples? 4.

2. Chemical Properties of matter- what is it? 3. A characteristic of a substance that changes it into a new substance. 3. Example : Flammability or burning of an object 3. Other examples: 4.

Stop With the person sitting next to you discuss the similarities and differences between physical and chemical properties.

3 minute pause 3 questions in your notes using the task cards Summary : 5-7 sentences using the sentence starters on the back of the task cards.

Homework Create a concept map for MATTER Create vocab maps for CHEMICAL PROPERTY, PHYSICAL PROPERTY, SUBSTANCE

Warm-up In your notebooks on the left side : Create a VENN Diagram comparing and contrasting Physical property and Chemical Property Be sure to use your book and notes!

What we will learn today Today we will analyze atoms and elements using Cornell notes, task cards and a foldable.

1. Describing Matter 2. Elements – What is it? 3. Pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance 3. The simplest substances 3. More than 100 elements 2. Examples of elements: 3

2. ATOMS – what are they? 3. Basic particle from which all elements are made 3. Contains a nucleus which has a positive charge and contains protons and neutrons

3. Contains a “cloud” of electrons outside of the nucleus that has a negative charge 3. Each element has different properties because their atoms are different

Q & A Task Cards!!!! C Starts

3 minute Pause 3 questions Summary = 5-7 sentences!!

Homework Foldable: Outside – vocab word Inside left – definition in your own words Inside left - pictures

What we will learn today Today we will explain how atoms combine and describe compounds using Cornell Notes and Picture notes.

1. Describing Matter

2. Combining atoms 3. MOST atoms can combine with other atoms from elements 3. Chemical bond – what is it? 4. When atoms combine with a force of attraction between the two atoms 4. Atoms combine to form molecules

http://www.blobs.org/science/article.php?article=17

3. What is a molecule? 4. Groups of TWO or more atoms held together by chemical bonds http://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/teaching-about-snowflakes-a-flurry-of-ideas-for-science-and-math-integration

2. Compounds 3. What is a compound? 4. a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio 4. They usually have a chemical formula 5. EX: C6H12O6 = glucose Ratio is 1:2:1 5. EX: H20 = water Ratio is 2:1

http://taksreview.wikispaces.com/36+Elements,+Compounds,+and+Mixtures

What are the ratios? Ex 1: C12H24O12 Answer : 1:2:1 Ex 2: CH4 Ex 3: CO2 Answer : 1:2

3. When elements are chemically combined, they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements 4. Example : Sugar contains C, H, O which are solids and gasses. However, when they combine, it is a solid

Hydrogen http://easycalculation.com/chemistry/elements/test.php?name=carbon http://periodictable.com/Elements/008/index.html http://images-of-elements.com/hydrogen.php http://stayhealthyla.org/blog/?tag=sugar

Homework Draw a cartoon or pictures involving the following vocab words: Chemical bond Ratio Compound Molecule

Today we will compare and contrast mixtures using Cornell notes and a Venn Diagram.

1. Describing Matter

2. Mixture 3. What is a mixture? 4. Made of two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined 4. Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. 4. The parts of a mixture are NOT combined in a set ratio.

3. Heterogeneous Mixtures 4. You can see the different parts EX:

3. Homogeneous Mixtures 4. Evenly mixed so you cannot see the different parts 4. A solution is a homogeneous mixture 4. Examples: 5. Salt water 5. Pool water 5. Air 5. sugar water 6. Brass

No homogeneous drinks allowed in science class http://www.cvcoffee.com/pd_powerade.cfm

2. Separating Mixtures 3. Easy to separate because they have their own properties 3. Methods include : 4. Magnetic attraction 4. Filtration 4. Distillation 4. Evaporation

Homework Create a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Be sure to have 5 bullet points for each! Challenge yourself! Include a picture

What will we learn today? Today we will analyze physical and chemical changes AND describe the law of conservation of matter using Cornell Notes, task cards, and concept maps.

1. Changes in Matter 2. Physical Change – what is it? 3. Any change that alters the form or appearance of matter but does not make a new substance 3. Changes in state 4. Solid 4. Liquid 4. Gas

3. Examples 4. Dissolving salt in water 4.

2. Chemical change – What is it? 3. A change in matter that produces one or more new substances with different properties 3. Examples 4. Combustion 4. Electrolysis 5. the use of electricity to break a compound into elements or simpler compounds 4. Tarnishing 4. Oxidation = rusting

Combustion

Electrolysis

Oxidation

Tarnishing

2. Law of Conservation of Matter – What is it? 3. Matter is neither created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change 3. The mass before has to ALWAYS match the mass after 3. No mass is lost or gained during a change 3. mass and atoms are rearranged

3. examples H + H + O H2O C + O+ O CO2

Homework Concept Maps: Law of conservation of matter Chemical change Physical change

What will I learn today? Today we will Describe energy using Cornell notes, Task cards, and vocab maps.

1. Energy and Matter 3. The ability to do work or cause change 2. Energy – what is it? 3. The ability to do work or cause change 3. Energy is neither created nor destroyed 3. Energy is transformed

1. Energy and matter 2. Thermal Energy – what is it? 3. total energy of all the particles in an object 3. Temperature – what is it? 4. measure of the average energy of the random motion of particles 4. Gas particles are more active in warm temperatures 3. Thermal energy always flows from warm matter to cool matter

3. Endothermic Change – What is it? 4. Energy is taken in or absorbed 4. Examples: 5. Ice Melting 5.

4. Releases energy 4. Examples: 5. Combustion 5. 3. Exothermic Change – What is it? 4. Releases energy 4. Examples: 5. Combustion 5.

2. Electromagnetic energy – what is it? 3. a form of energy that travels through spaces as waves 3. Examples: 4. Light from the sun 4. radio waves 4. X-Rays 3. Chemical and physical changes can be caused by electromagnetic energy

2. Electrical energy – what is it? 3. Energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another

2. Chemical Energy – what is it? 3. energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms 3. Examples : 4. Stored energy in food 4. Gasoline to run cars 3. Bonds are broken to form new bonds 4. typically an exothermic reaction

2. Transforming energy 3. chemical energy may be changed to other forms of energy 3. Other forms of energy may also be changed to chemical energy 3. Examples 4. Burning fuel 4. Photosynthesis

Homework Vocab maps : Chemical energy electromagnetic energy Electrical energy Thermal energy

Chapter 2 Test Review

Explain the thermal energy in this picture.

What characteristics below do photosynthesis and combustion NOT share Both involve a chemical change Both are endothermic changes Both change energy from one form to another Both cause changes in matter

New substances are always formed when matter undergoes a Change in shape Physical change Change in Temperature Chemical Change

Completion Warming by the fire would be an example of a ______ change.

Matter is Anything that has mass Anything that takes up space Both A and B None of these

Compare and contrast Homogeneous and Heterogeneous mixtures Compare and contrast Homogeneous and Heterogeneous mixtures. Be sure to give examples of each. Then explain how they relate to matter.

True or false Every chemical or physical change in matter includes a change in energy.

True or False Flammability is an example of chemical property.

How would you classify the burning of natural gas? Exothermic chemical change Endothermic chemical change Exothermic physical change Endothermic physical change

Compare and contrast chemical changes and physical changes Compare and contrast chemical changes and physical changes. Give examples of each and explain how they relate to matter.

Table salt and Table sugar are examples of Atoms Elements Mixtures Pure substance

True or False A(n) mixture is made of two or more substances that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined.

Fireworks exploding in the sky and giving off light is an example of a(n)___. Endothermic Change Exothermic Change Physical Change Change in Mass

If you heat a liquid and measure the temperature at which it boils, you are measuring a(n) Atomic property Physical property Chemical property Molecular property

Completion Hardness, texture, color, and freezing point are example of ____ properties of matter.

What holds atoms together in a molecule? Density Gravity Physical bonds Chemical Bonds

Completion Energy is released to the surroundings during a(n) ______ change.

C12H24O12 is an example of a chemical Property Change Bond Formula

Soil, salad, and sugar water are all examples of Elements Compounds Mixtures Atoms

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture? Chicken soup Salad Soil Air

The smallest particle of an element is called a(n) atom. True or False The smallest particle of an element is called a(n) atom.

The ability to do work or cause change describes ____. Density Matter Energy Mass

True or false A change that produces one or more new substances is called a physical change.

True or False During photosynthesis, plant transform electromagnetic energy from the sun into chemical energy as they make molecules of sugar.

Fill in the blank Every form of matter has two kinds of properties – physical properties and _____ properties.

Scientists found that 2 grams of hydrogen reacted completely with 16 grams of oxygen. What was the total mass of water produced? 8 grams 14 Grams 18 grams 32 Grams

Substances that cannot be broken down chemically into other substances are Elements Compounds Mixtures Solutions

Completion Dissolving a spoonful of sugar in tea or coffee is an example of a(n) ____ change.

Water is an example of element Homogeneous mixture Compound Heterogeneous mixture

Completion Endothermic change and exothermic changes are examples of _____ energy.

The change in which ice absorbs energy and melts is a(n) ___. Endothermic Change Exothermic Change Chemical Change Change in Mass