New Deal’s Impact on America Did all Americans benefit fully from the New Deal?

Impact on Women 1) Increase in women in govt. jobs/positions Frances Perkins = America’s 1st female cabinet member (Sec. of Labor) 2) Women face discrimination with jobs NRA, FERA and CCC all discriminated against women However, women in workforce increases from 12% to 16%

Impact on African-Americans Af-Americans see increase in govt jobs, positions and influence during the New Deal 1) Mary McLeod Bethune: headed Div. of Negro Affairs of NYA 2) “Black Cabinet”: organized by Bethune & Eleanor Roosevelt influential African-Americans who indirectly advised FDR on racial issues 3) A. Phillip Randolph led all-black trade union/civil rights leader -However, FDR does little for Civil Rights, won’t support anti-lynching law or ending poll tax

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 - Three changes implemented by head of Indian Affairs, John Collier, as govt policy changes from assimilation to autonomy 1. economic: Native American land belonged to the entire tribe 2. cultural: Native American children could now attend schools on reservations (boarding schools closed) 3. political: Tribes given permission to elect their own members for their own tribal government

Impact on Organized Labor 1. Big business still tries to reject unions causing sit-ins and some violent strikes Result: NLRB acts as an arbitrator in labor issues 2. AFL (skilled labor) won’t represent unskilled workers Result: CIO forms to rep semi/unskilled workers

New Deal Changes America New Deal expanded power of federal govt (esp. President), made deficit spending the “norm”, and much of it still here today New Deal did not end the Depression, but improved conditions & stopped the suffering for millions of Americans FDR re-elected in 1940 (3rd term), critics say he is becoming a dictator, FDR says country needs 2nd Bill of Rights