1. Effects of New Deal
How effective were New Deal Programs in the short- and long-term?
How effective were New Deal Programs for minorities?

2. I. Minority Groups’ Involvement
Women appointed to FDR’s cabinet
Frances Perkins = Secretary of Labor
1st female cabinet member
African American Leadership Roles
100 + African-Americans appointed to key gov’t positions
Mary McLeod Bethune
Headed the Division of Negro Affairs & the National Youth Admin.
Hired African Americans in admin. positions & made sure minority students got help
Organized the “Black Cabinet” (group of influential & educated Af. Amer’s) to advise FDR’s Admin. on racial issues
C. Native Americans
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 = federal policy changed from assimilation to autonomy
D. Real impact on groups limited
Fewer women hired and are paid less than men in most New Deal programs
Many New Deal programs discriminate against people of color
FDR never supports a federal anti-lynching law

3. II. Physical Rehabilitation of Country
A. Attacked soil erosion
B. Built dams and planted trees to prevent floods
C. Reclaimed the grasslands of the Great Plains
D. Developed water power resources
E. Encouraged regional reconstruction projects like the TVA and Columbia River project

4. III. Human Rehabilitation
A. Established the principle that gov’t has responsibility for the health, welfare, and security, as well as the protection and education of its citizens B. Embraced social security, public health, housing C. Gov’t began getting more involved in agriculture and labor

5. IV. Maintenance of a Democratic System
A. The New Deal maintained a democratic system of gov’t and society in a world threatened by totalitarianism (think about fascism & communism spreading in Europe) B. Increased size and scope of government to meet needs of the depression C. Provided the leadership that enabled Congress to put through the necessary relief, recovery, and reform measures. D. Sponsored moderate legislation to neutralize the popularity of radical opponents