1. Chapter 15
Part 3
Pages

2. Terms to Know Frances Perkins Mary McLeod Bethune John Collier
New Deal Coalition
CIO

3. Women and the New Deal
Eleanor was committed to Civil Rights and child welfare
FDR not so much…political considerations
He wanted the nomination from the republican party in 1936, 1940, 1944
Most democrats were in the South
How did Southerners feel about civil rights?

4. Eleanor Roosevelt

5. Eleanor Roosevelt
She helped to integrate government cafeterias in Washington D.C.
And she arranged for a Black opera singer, Marion Anderson to give a concert on Easter Sunday at the Lincoln memorial when the DAR refused to rent a concert hall to Anderson because she was Black
Eleanor resigned from the DAR

6. Eleanor Roosevelt
Was very active on her husband’s behalf during the depression
Tive to the United Nations
She would tour the country and report back to him.
After FDR’s death she was our represent

7. Women and the New Deal
Several women were named to important positions in FDR’s New Deal administration
Frances Perkins was the first female Secretary of Labor
Mary McLeod Bethune was the head of the NYA

8. Women
Who were abandoned by their husbands were able to get relief in their own names

9. Women still worked BUT
In 1936 a poll indicated that 82% of Americans believed that a woman should not work if her husband was working

10. African Americans Still racism but
A. Philip Randolph founded the first all-Black labor union
The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

11. FDR
Appointed more than 100 African Americans to positions of power in the government

12. Although FDR did not Champion civil rights
And refused to support federal anti-lynching laws (like Wilson…who was also a democrat)
And refused to end the Poll Tax
African Americans DID get jobs through work relief and were included in other New Deal reforms

13. Segregation
Black and Shite workers were segregated in work relief programs but at least Blacks were included…
So, in the election of 1936 The Black vote went to FDR
Since the Civil War, those Blacks who could vote generally went Republican…Why?

14. Native Americans
In 1924 Native Americans were granted full citizenship by law
John Collier was named Commisioner of Indian Affairs by FDR

15. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
A new federal policy away from assimilation and toward autonomy
Restored some tribal lands to Indians
Indians could elect own leaders and control their schools on reservations

16. Most women and minority groups
Supported FDR because the New Deal addressed their needs
These different groups formed a coalition in support of FDR and his New Deal

17. Labor
The NIRA had been declared unconstitutional by the Court in the Sick Chicken case
Also there were over 155,000 violations of section 7a (protection for unions) in the first year

18. The Wagner Act Created the NLRB National Labor Relations Board
The NLRB was given the power to hold secret meetings in factories to help workers unionize
The NLRB could also reinstate workers who had been fired for union activity

19. Immediate Union Activity
1935 The AFL was adept at organizing skilled workers so rather than organizing unskilled workers the gave a charter to the CIO
The first head of the CIO was John Lewis who had earlier headed the United Mine Workers Union

20. The CIO Organized steel workers across the country
They only had to threaten to strike in order to gain concessions

21. In 1936 The CIO gave a charter to the UAW to organize auto workers
The won many concessions after a series of sit-down strikes
Homer Martin was the first head of the UAW

22. In 1936 The AFL urged its members to vote for FDR
This was the first time the AFL endorced a political candidate
They were grateful for the help they had received from the government

23. Other Groups who supported FDR
Religious minority groups: Roman Catholics, Jews, others