1. New Deal’s Affect & Impact on Americans
Did all people have the opportunity to benefit fully from the New Deal?

2. Affect on Women 1) Women appointed to government positions, more jobs
Frances Perkins = America’s 1st female cabinet member (Sec. of Labor)
2) Women face discrimination
● NRA sets lower minimum wage for women than men
● FERA hire less women than men, CCC hires only men, but overall more women in workforce (from 11.7 to 15.6%)

3. Affect on African-Americans
- A. Phillip Randolph: organized the country’s
1st all-black trade union
- Many African-Americans appointed to key positions in the Fed. Gov’t
1) Mary McLeod Bethune: headed the
Division of Negro Affairs of the NYA
2) “Black Cabinet”: organized by Bethune & supported by Eleanor Roosevelt
influential African-Americans who advised FDR on racial issues
-FDR does little for Civil Rights, won’t support anti-lynching law or ending poll tax. NRA, CCC, TVA discriminated against blacks

4. John Collier’s Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
- Government policy changed from assimilation to Native
American autonomy. There were three changes:
1. economic: Native American land would belong to
the entire tribe
2. cultural: Native American children could now attend
schools on reservations (boarding schools closed)
3. political: Tribes given permission to elect their own
members for their own tribal government

5. Organized Labor
1) Labor Unions flourish:
union membership increases from 3 to 10 million
2) Labor issues:
AFL (skilled labor) rejects unions that rep. all workers in a given industry, CIO forms rep semi & unskilled workers
Some violent strikes like Republic Steel Plant in Chicago

6. Overall Impact of the New Deal
FDR re-elected in 1940 (3rd term)
Most minority groups still support FDR
Federal Government expands, but also goes into debt
More regulation of business (SEC, FDIC, NLRB)
Environmental protections (CCC, TVA)
More Govt help for elderly and unemployed (SSA), FDR calls for 2nd Bill of Rights