1. Learning Objectives: Section 3 - The New Deal Affects Many Groups
Standard Addressed: Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government.
CH 15-SEC 3
Learning Objectives: Section 3 - The New Deal Affects Many Groups
1. Analyze the effects of the New Deal programs on women.
2. Describe Roosevelt’s attitude toward African Americans.
3. Identify the groups that formed the New Deal coalition.

2. QUIZ!
First & Last Name
Fill in your
ID NUMBER!
CH-15-3

3. A BULLDOG ALWAYS
Commitment
Attitude
CARES
Respect
Encouragement
Safety

4. The New Deal Affects Many Groups
Section 3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
New Deal policies and actions affect various social and ethnic groups.
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5. NEW DEAL AFFECTS MANY GROUPS
The New Deal Brings New Opportunities
Women Make their Mark
Eleanor & Franklin

6. NEW DEAL AFFECTS MANY GROUPS
Frances Perkins, secretary of labor, is first female cabinet member
FDR also appoints 2 women as diplomats, 1 as federal judge
Eleanor & Franklin

7. Women face discrimination
Women still face discrimination in workplace from male workers
NRA sets some lower minimum wages for women
Federal work programs hire far fewer women than men
Only slight increase in overall % of women working for wages

8. Guided Reading Women Appointees: Frances Perkins GAINS: PROBLEMS:
Women appointed to important federal positions;
slight increase in the number of women working outside the home
PROBLEMS:
Discrimination in the workplace;
discriminatory wages & hiring practices

9. AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING THE NEW DEAL
The 1930s witnessed a growth of activism for black Americans
A. Philip Randolph became head of the nation’s first all-black union – the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

10. Daughters of American Revolution refuse Marian Anderson concert
Mrs. Roosevelt resigns; arranges for Lincoln Memorial concert

11. AFRICAN AMERICANS GAIN POLITICAL POSITIONS
FDR appointed over 100 African Americans to positions within the government
Mary McLeod Bethune headed the division of Negro Affairs of the NYA
Despite these gains, FDR was never fully committed to Civil Rights
Bethune

13. The President Fails to Support Civil Rights
FDR afraid of upsetting white Southern Democratic voters
Refuses to approve antilynching law, end to poll tax
New Deal agencies discriminate against African Americans
- pay them lower wages, favor whites
African Americans help organize Southern Tenant Farmers Union
Generally support Roosevelt administration, New Deal
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14. FDR REFUSES TO ENDORSE ANTI-LYNCHING LAW

15. Robert C. Wagner
As Senator, Wagner was a leader of the New Deal Coalition putting special emphasis on supporting the labor movement. He sponsored three major laws: the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, the Social Security Act of 1935, and the Public Housing Act of 1937.

16. Guided Reading African Americans Appointees: GAINS: PROBLEMS:
Mary McLead Bethume;
GAINS:
increased political voice through greater access to the president;
organizations created for tenant farmers
PROBLEMS:
Segregation;
racial violence;
racism;
discrimination in all areas of life;
poll taxes

17. Mexican-American Fortunes
Mexican Americans Under FDR
Mexican Americans generally support New Deal
Many come to U.S. in 1920s, settle mainly in Southwest
- work on farms
CCC, WPA help some Mexican Americans
Disqualify migrant workers with no permanent address
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21. Native Americans & the New Deal

22. Native Americans and the New Deal
1924, Native Americans receive full citizenship
John Collier, commissioner of Indian affairs, changes policies
Indian Reorganization Act favors native autonomy, mandates changes:
- lands belong to entire tribe; government can’t sell unclaimed areas
- children can attend schools on reservations
- tribes elect tribal councils to govern reservations

23. NATIVE AMERICANS MAKE GAINS
Native Americans made advances during the 1920s & 1930s
Full citizenship granted in 1924
The Reorganization Act of 1934 gave Natives more ownership of reservations
Policy was moving away from assimilation towards autonomy

24. Current locations of Native American reservations

25. FDR Creates the New Deal Coalition
• New Deal Coalition—different groups that support Democratic Party
Labor Unions Flourish
Prolabor legislation leads unions to donate money for FDR reelection
1933–1941, union membership grows from 3 million to over 10 million
American Federation of Labor traditionally craft unions only
Committee for Industrial Organization organizes industrial unions
Expelled by AFL, becomes Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
Continued . . .
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26. IMPROVING LABOR RELATIONS
In the Second New Deal FDR helped pass the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
This legislation protected workers, ensured collective bargaining, and preserved the right to unionize
The NLRA was also called the Wagner Act

27. The New Deal Coalition
• New Deal Coalition—different groups that support Democratic Party

28. Labor Disputes FDR Wins in 1936
Sit-down strike important bargaining tactic of 1930s
- prevents owners from hiring strikebreakers
NLRB forces Republic Steel to negotiate after clash with strikers
FDR Wins in 1936
Political organizations in large Northern cities support FDR
Urban, religious, ethnic groups also support FDR
- FDR appoints officials of urban-immigrant background
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29. American Federation of Labor traditionally craft unions only
Committee for Industrial Organization organizes industrial unions

30. Expelled by AFL, becomes Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

32. Guided Reading Labor Unions
Appointees: Congress of Industrial Organization
GAINS:
Better working conditions;
increased bargaining power;
dramatic increase in union membership
PROBLEMS:
Strike violence;
big business opposition to labor unions

35. Other Coalition Groups
Guided Reading
Other Coalition Groups
New Deal labor laws and work-relief programs aided many of them;
Roosevelt made direct and persuasive appeals to them;
Roosevelt appointed many officials of urban-immigrant backgrounds
African Americans
White democrats
City dwellers
Unions

36. FDR Wins in 1936
Political organizations in large Northern cities support FDR
Urban, religious, ethnic groups also support FDR
- FDR appoints officials of urban-immigrant background

37. FDR Wins in 1936

38. QUIZ!
First & Last Name
Fill in your
ID NUMBER!
CH-15-3

39. Chapter 15: Section 3 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
A – Why was the “Black Cabinet” important to the Roosevelt administration?
It gave FDR valuable advice on racial issues and provided African Americans with a voice, for the first time at the highest levels of govt.

40. Chapter 15: Section 3 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
B – Evaluate the actions and policies of the Roosevelt administration on civil rights.
FDR was not committed to full civil rights for African Americans.
He did not support a federal anti-lynching law and an end to poll taxes.
African Americans families benefited from work relief, but some New Deal programs discriminated against African Americans/

41. Chapter 15: Section 3 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
C – Why was life difficult for farm laborers during the Depression?
Farm laborers were essentially unprotected by the state and federal laws.

42. Chapter 15: Section 3 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
D – What changes occurred for Native Americans as a result of the New Deal?
The Indian reorganization Act turned Native American lands over to individual tribes, and allowed children to attend schools on the reservations and tribes to elect tribal councils to govern their reservations.

43. Chapter 15: Section 3 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
E – How did New Deal policies affect organized labor?
New Deal labor laws gave union’s greater power to organize and negotiate with employers.
As a result, unions grew in size and joined with other groups in New Deal coalition