Opener – 5 minutes Carefully read “French and Indian War” found on pages 95-97 of your textbook.

Notebook: page 24 What caused the French and Indian War, and how did it affect North America?

Today’s objective: Describe the role of the French and Indian War, how British policy toward the colonies in America changed from 1763 to 1775, and colonial dissatisfaction with the new policy.

French and Indian War 1754-1763

The French and Indian War Main Idea Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forced France to give up its North American colonies. Why it matters now British influence spread over North America, though French populations and place names still exist here. Terms and Names Albany Plan of Union Battle of Quebec Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763

France claims western lands French explores had claimed Great Lakes region, Ohio River valley and Mississippi River valley. Main settlements = Quebec & Montreal Purpose = Fur trade and religious conversion

Native America Allies French explorers adopt Native ways and customs. Fur trade creates economic and military alliances. Over trapping initiated war among tribal nations. British allied with Iroquois France allied with Algonquin & Huron European wars between England and France create colonial conflicts Last was French and Indian War 1754-1763

Conflict in the Ohio Valley British fur traders move into Ohio River valley Area mostly controlled by French traders Indians begin to trade more with British Alarms French traders French traders and allies attack British trade settlements French build forts along Ohio river to protect region 1753 – 21 year old Geo. Washington sent to tell French to leave region.

War begins and spreads Virginia sends 40 men to build new fort Fort built at start of Ohio River – modern day Pittsburgh April 1754 – French and Indian allies attack and seize fort Rename it Fort Duquesne Washington heads to defend Fort Pitt Stops campaign and builds Fort Necessity. Hap King kills French diplomat Washington signs surrender document sent back to Virginia Washington accused of assassination.

War begins and spreads British colonists and Iroquois nation meet in Albany, NY Colonists want alliance with Iroquois Iroquois would not commit Ben Franklin admires Iroquois nation alliance Franklin proposes the Albany Plan of Union First proposal to unite colonies

Albany Plan of Alliance Each colony to send representatives to a “Grand Council” Council could: Collect taxes Raise armies Make treaties Start new settlements Leaders in Albany support plan State legislatures do not want to lose political power

Braddock's defeat July 9, 1755 – approx. 900 French and Indian allies attack 2,100 British soldiers Washington suggests fighting from cover Braddock fights traditional Braddock mortally wounded Washington unhurt 1,000 British soldiers killed or wounded. English Parliament have no faith in colonial militias Send General Edward Braddock to defeat French Washington joins Braddock – march to Fort Duquesne British progress slow

The British take Quebec William Pitt determined to defeat French Sends best generals to colonies Borrows money to pay colonial militias British capture six French forts by August 1759. Fort Duquesne rebuilt and renamed Fort Pitt – becomes Pittsburgh. British attack capital of New France – Quebec British general James Wolfe leads assault on Quebec 5,000 British battle 4,000 French Wolfe killed French general, Montcalm, wounded – dies next day! Quebec surrendered to British Known as Battle of Quebec

The Treaty of Paris - 1763 1761 – Spain agrees to help France – too late! Seven Years’ War ends in 1763 Britain claims all land EAST of the Mississippi River France gives New Orleans and Louisiana to Spain for helping Britain gives back Cuba and Philippines for Florida. Treaty ends French claims in North America

Pontiac's Rebellion Britain occupies French forts Refuse to give supplies to Indians British trappers/settlers move into Indian lands Spring/Summer 1763 – Indians destroy all British forts WEST of the Appalachian Mtns. Revolt called “Pontiac’s Rebellion” British give Small Pox- infected blankets to Delaware Indians Disease kills many Indians British see defense of territory as “expensive” Issue “Proclamation of 1763”

Proclamation of 1763 Forbids colonists from settling WEST of Appalachian Mtns. Colonists angry – want cheap land England angry – colonists won’t pay for own defense Paying for the defense of the colonies is the INITIAL cause of the American Revolution.

Closure In your notebook, describe how George Washington started the French and Indian War and how this war caused the American Revolution.