Bellringer Why is James Watt famous? a)invented the seed drill b)invented the spinning frame c)his innovations made the steam engine useful d)brought the designs for the spinning frame to America

Bellringer Why is James Watt famous? a)invented the seed drill b)invented the spinning frame c)his innovations made the steam engine useful d)brought the designs for the spinning frame to America

Industrialization Changes Life Factory Work Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for more expensive goods Industrial Cities Rise Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to cities Growing population provides work force and a market for factory goods British industrial cities: London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool

Factories and Factory Towns Where employees worked Major change from cottage industry Had to leave home to work Hardships for some workers Working in a factory Dangerous work for all Long workdays Poor factory conditions common Life in factory towns Towns grew up around factories Towns, factories rose near coal mines Sanitation poor in many factory towns

Factories not only changed the lives of their workers but also the towns where they were located Iron smelting factories grew near coal mines

Manchester in north England was a textile city Manchester in north England was a textile city. There were only 2 toilets per 250 residents. Disease spread easily

Northwestern England had so much pollution it was called the black country

The Factory System and Workers Workers in a New Economy Wealthy to invest in, own factories Mid-level to run factories Low-level to run machines Cottage Workers’ Unrest Handmade goods more expensive than factory made Luddite movement, 1811 Violence spread, 1812 Changing Labor Conditions No government regulation Labor unions organized Strikes brought change New Class of Workers Growth of middle class Managers, accountants, engineers, mechanics, salesmen Economy increased

Luddite Movement Luddites smashed spinning frames

By the early 1800s British Workers started to organize Labor Unions- organizations representing worker’s interest. Represent workers to management. Strikes- work stoppages used to raise wages & improve conditions. The Tolpuddle Martyrs

Factories & Mass production Mass Production- the system of manufacturing large numbers of identical parts , including the assembly line & interchangeable parts. (started in the US) Assembly line- The product moves from worker to worker as each performs a step in the manufacturing process.

Effects of Mass Production Positive effects Dramatic increase in production Businesses charged less Affordable goods Negative effects More repetitious jobs Seen as dehumanizing Soon became norm

Next Complete the definitions & 3 constructed response questions. Write in complete sentences

Use the following slides for constructive response questions

Industrialization Changes Life Living Conditions Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums Life span in one large city is only 17 years Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes and building codes Cities also without adequate housing, education, and police protection

Industrialization Changes Life Working Conditions Average working day is 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers Many coal miners killed by coal dust

Class Tensions Grow The Middle Class Middle class—skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers, professionals Emerging middle class looked down on by landowners and aristocrats Middle class has comfortable standard of living

The Working Class Class Tensions Grow Laborers’ lives not improved; some laborers replaced by machines Luddites and other groups destroy machinery that puts them out of work Unemployment is a serious problem; unemployed workers riot

Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution Immediate Benefits Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions Long-Term Effects Improved living and working conditions still evident today Governments use increased tax revenues for urban developments