Rebuilding the Nation

Results of the War UNION: - life had hardly changed (farms, factories, cities) SOUTH: - completely destroyed (infrastructure, financial system, society)

As early as 1863 Lincoln outlined a plan for RECONSTRUCTION Ten Percent plan southern states could form a new gov’t after 10%of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the US Rival Plan…..Wade-Davis Bill - majority of white men had to swear oath of loyalty - Denied right to vote to anyone who volunteered to fight for the Confederacy

Freedmen – men and women who had been slaves (nearly 4 million) - Most had no land, no job, no money, no education FREEDMAN’S BUREAU - provided food and clothing to former slaves - tried to find jobs for them - medical care - also helped poor whites

One of most important tasks- set up schools for freed slaves By 1869 nearly 300,000 African Americans attended these schools Foundation of the South’s public school system Also set up colleges and universities (Howard University, Morehouse College, Hampton University)

Southerners tried to restore old ways Set up BLACK CODES laws that severely limited the rights of freedmen limited occupations no job could be arrested and forced to work as prison labor couldn’t own guns, or serve on juries

April 14, 1865 Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth Fords Theater – Washington DC Andrew Johnson becomes president Many republicans pleased when Johnson becomes president hoping his plan for reconstruction would be stricter

Johnsons plan was just as mild as Lincolns - called for a majority of state voters to pledge loyalty - demanded each state ratify the 13th Amendment – abolition of slavery As southerners were elected to the House and Senate, Republicans were outraged Tried to set up a new plan for reconstruction - RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION

The 13th , 14th , and 15th Amendments are known as the “Civil War Amendments” 13th – abolition of slavery - 1865 14th – full citizenship - 1868 15th – voting rights - 1870