1. What did the end of the war mean for the south?
When was the war over?
What did the end of the war mean for the south?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the south in 1863? In 1865?
Who is president after the war? Why?

2. The 2nd Civil War

3. Reconstruction Problems
This was a period of time after the war to rebuild the south.
What was the country going to do with 4 million free blacks?
What should be done with the south?
Who controls Reconstruction: President or Congress?

4. South After the War

9. How will this help women? Accomplish what goal?
Social
North & South lost a generation of men
2% population gone= 620,000
Millions wounded
Women
Became head of household….Why?
Jobs:
Worked in field and factories
Nurses in battlefields
How will this help women? Accomplish what goal?

10. Political Power of the federal gov’t strengthen
#1 goal…to preserve the union
African Americans gain political rights:
13th (1865)
abolished slavery
14th (1868)
Granted citizenship (EVERYONE born or naturalized in USA)
15th (1870)
Gave African Americans the right to vote…….MEN only

11. Plans for Reconstruction

12. Lincoln’s Plan
Believed that the South never legally w/drew from the Union so restoration was to be simple
Called 10% plan
10% of those who voted in 1860 had to swear a loyalty oath to union and receive a pardon
Ratify 13th amendment
Abolished slavery
Views on free blacks
Didn’t care about social and political equality just wanted the union back together

13. Johnson’s Plan
Offer pardons and restoration of land if you swore allegiance to the Union & Constitution
Each state must rewrite state constitution and add the 13th amendment
No pardon for high ranking Confederate officials
Views on blacks
Had little sympathy
Believe gov’t for the whites

14. Radical Republicans Who are they?
Majority party in Congress (dominated by Rep.)
Leader: Thaddeus Stevens
Wanted to punish the south
Advocate full citizenship and the right to vote for all blacks

15. Congress President Power Struggle
Wants harsh reconstruction
Wade-Davis Bill
Majority of states (50%) prewar voters swear loyalty to the Union
Who’s in control of Congress?
Radical Republicans
supported an easy Reconstruction
he favored the south
Who is the President?
Johnson
Congress and the President both agree on abolition

16. Am I free? At 1st many freed Blacks face confusing situation
Plantation owners refused to set them free (threaten violence)
Not a real law until state courts say it is
Some stayed with masters (loyally)
Others ram shacked their master’s land, property & even whipping the old master (built up hatred)
Those that were set free took to the roads to find work, loved ones and headed north
Church became focus in the Black community

17. Congress created Freedman’s Bureau 1865-1872
Set up to help free blacks and poor whites
Intended to provide Food, clothing, medical care & education
Biggest success: taught about 200,000 blacks read (also read word of God)
Later vetoed by Johnson
Republicans saw him as protecting Southerners

19. So…What did the South do?
1. swore loyalty to union (Tenn. only)
2. Pass the 13th amendment (Tenn. only)
3. Sent old confederate representatives back to Congress
4. Began to rebuild back to prewar times
Exp: passed black codes laws after the Civil war
Aimed at keeping the Black population in submission & in the fields
Convicts who had violated the Black Codes

20. Black Codes
Many didn’t know what they would do after the war; many just drifted
This upset white southerners
Black Codes: Limit blacks socially and economically
Allowed marriages
Children could still be beat/whipped by whites
Right to sue (not whites)
Can’t be on a jury
Can’t carry weapons
Can’t marry whites
Curfews
Travel Permits
Couldn’t own land
Only allowed to work certain jobs (servants and farm laborers)
Intended to keep them in the condition of slavery

21. Congress is Mad!!!! Are U Serious?!?!?!
Pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866
1. All blacks are were American citizens
2. if states denied citizenship to Blacks, then its reps. in Electoral College be reduced
3. former Confederates could not hold office
4. No Black codes!!!
Had to be reinforced with an amendment because states were not enforcing it
Johnson vetoes this but Congress overrides him