Native American Movement Activity Social Studies Survey Quick Overview of Major Terms

Battle of Little BigHorn Aka: Custer’s Last Stand General George Armstrong Custer and the US 7th Calvary Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (Sioux and Cheyenne Indians) June 25, 1876: Montana American’s lost around 250 men in less than an hour Worst defeat in Plains Indian War Battle of Little BigHorn

Trail of Tears “Trail of tears and death…” Removal of Indians from their lands in the south and East to places west of the Mississippi Choctaw-1831 (2500-5000 deaths) Seminole- 1832 (started war) Creek: 1834-1836 (removal and war; 23% die, 3500/15000 ) Chickasaw- 1837 (compensation for land) Cherokee-1838 (supreme court case; 1200 miles resulting in 5000 deaths) “Trail of tears and death…” Choctaw chief quote John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it! ... Build a fire under them. When it gets hot enough, they'll go.”—- Andrew Jackson, 1832, The Trail of Tears Across Missouri I fought through the War Between the States and have seen many men shot, but the Cherokee Removal was the cruelest work I ever knew.”—- Georgia soldier who participated in the removal Trail of Tears

Dawes Act Adopted by Congress in 1887 Authorized President to survey tribal land and divide into allotments for individual Indians: *160 acres (head of house) *80 acres (single adult) *40 acres (children) Goal was to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American society Goal failed because many had little training or enthusiasm for farming, and land allotment was relatively small. Dawes Act

Indian Peace Commission Created by Congress in 1867 after several lopsided massacres occurred Proposed two large reservations: One for the Sioux and another for the Plains Indians Agents from Bureau of Indian Affairs would run the reservations Plan was doomed because it pressured Native American leaders to sign unfair and uncompromising treaties Indian Peace Commission