AGENDA MAY 10 Objective: Describe the characteristics and classifications of animals. 1. PLANTS Tests 2. Introduce the Animal Chapters – Chapters 26 through 32 3. Review and Homework CREATE A CLADOGRAM INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING CHORDATES 3 GROUPS OF FISH, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, MAMMALS, PRIMATES

AGENDA MAY 11 Objective: Describe the characteristics and classifications of animals. 1. PLANTS Test Results 2. Introduce the Animal Chapters – Chapters 26 through 32 INVERTEBRATES 3. Review and Homework QUIZ ON FRIDAY MAY 13

Invertebrates and Vertebrates CHAPTERS 26 – 32 ANIMALS

Chapter 26: What is an animal? Members of Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Cells DO NOT have cell walls Invertebrates DO NOT have a backbone or vertebral column Vertebrates HAVE a backbone.

Essential Functions 1. Feeding 2. Respiration 3. Circulation 4. Excretion 5. Response 6. Movement 7. Reproduction Processes involve Feedback Inhibition – processes are limited or stopped

Characteristics of Complex Animals 1. Cell Specialization and Levels of Organization 2. Body Symmetry 3. Cephalization – Nerves or sense organs at front of body 4. Body Cavity – fluid filled space for internal organs *** Embryos develop in layers ***

Body Symmetry Radial Symmetry – animals can be divided into many equal halves using multiple planes Bilateral Symmetry – animals only divided into two equal halves using one single plane

Sponges  Cnidarians MULTICELLULAR 1st stage = POLYP Two stage life cycle. MULTICELLULAR 1st stage = POLYP Few specialized cells 2nd stage = MEDUSA No Organs or Tissues RADIAL SYMMETRY specialized tissues

Worms  mollusks BILATERAL SYMMETRY COELUM CEPHALIZATION Internal or external shell Contain Tissues and Internal Organs Cephalopods Segmented or Unsegmented Bodies A head attached to a foot divided into tentacles or arms

Arthropods  echinoderms JOINTED APPPENDAGES ENDOSKELETON Segmented Bodies Internal skeleton Jointed appendages Water vascular system Exoskeletons of chitin Radial symmetry Groups Crustaceans Spiders Insects

AGENDA MAY 12 Objective: Describe the characteristics and classifications of animals. 1. PLANTS Test Results 2. Introduce the Animal Chapters – Chapters 26 through 32 VERTEBRATES 3. Review and Homework QUIZ ON FRIDAY MAY 13

Fishes CHORDATES Groups of fish 1. Jawless fish 2. Cartilaginous fish DORSAL HOLLOW NERVE CHORD TAIL AT SOME LIFE PHASE Aquatic vertebrates Groups of fish 1. Jawless fish 2. Cartilaginous fish 3. Bony fish

30-3 Evolutionary Adaptations in amphibians BREATHE AIR THROUGH LUNGS AS ADULTS 1. Bones in limbs became stronger 2. Lungs and breathing tubes allowed breathing of air 3. Sternum (breastbone) formed a bony shield to support and protect internal organs especially lungs

Chapter 31: Reptiles AMNIOTIC EGG AMNION – ONE OF FOUR MEMBRANES SURROUNDING THE EMBRYO 1. Well-developed lungs 2. double-loop circulatory system 3. water-conserving excretory system 4. strong limbs 5. internal fertilization 6. shelled, terrestrial eggs

Birds are reptilelike animals ENDOTHERMS Generate internal body heat. Reptiles are ectotherms Birds maintain a constant internal body temperature Outer covering of feather Two legs covered with scales for walking/perching Front limbs modified into wings

Chapter 32: Mammals HAIR and MAMMARY GLANDS 1. Have hair 2. ability to nourish young with milk 3. breathe air 4. have four-chambered hearts 5. endotherms that generate internal body heat

PRIMATES Binocular vision Well-developed cerebrum Long fingers and toes Arms that rotate around their shoulder joints Binocular vision allows for merging of images from both eyes  depth perception and 3D sight

Functions Diaphragm – powerful muscle that increases volume of chest cavity pulling air into lungs Pushes air out of lungs when diaphragm is relaxed Cerebral Cortex – well-developed outer layer of the cerebrum Center of thinking and complex behaviors including reading Primates share specific adaptations Binocular vision, well-developed cerebrum, long fingers and toes, and arms that rotate around their shoulder joints Binocular vision allows for merging of images from both eyes  depth perception and 3D sight