1. Grouping & Identifying Living Things
Classification
Grouping & Identifying Living Things
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2. Taxonomy The study of how living things are classified
Classification is the sorting of organisms based on similar characteristics
Carolus Linnaeus is known as the Father of Taxonomy

3. Levels of Classification
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Dear
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Spaghetti
Most General
Most Specific

4. Penicillium chrysogenum
Genus and Species
The last two levels make up an organisms scientific name
This is called Binomial Nomenclature
Bi—two
Nomial—Name
Acer grandidentatum
Penicillium chrysogenum
Felis Concolor

7. Classifying Living Things
We put livings things into three Domains
Eukaryota Bacteria Archaea
Which are divided into 6 Kingdoms
Plant Animal Fungi
Protist Eubacteria Archaebacteria
We are in the Domain Eukaryota and the Kingdom Animalia

8. Prokaryotes no nucleus
Do have a nucleus

9. Animal Kingdom All animals are multi-cellular!
All animal cells are eukaryotic!
What does this mean?
Their cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Animal cells are only surrounded by cell membranes…no cell wall!
Animals are heterotrophs
Most animals can move

10. Animal Kingdom
All animals have specialized parts that do specific jobs.
Animals have different types of cells (ex. Heart cell vs. brain cell)
Animals have different kinds of tissues for their various organs.
The different organs in an animal perform different jobs for the whole body.

11. Animal Kingdom So…what makes an animal an animal? Multicellular
Heterotrophs
Eukaryotes

12. Symmetry Bilateral—Can be divided into two mirror-images halves
Radial—many lines of symmetry through a central location

13. Animals Animals are spilt into two major groups: Vertebrates
Phylum Chordata
Invertebrates
Most animals are invertebrates
29 different Phyla

14. Vertebrates These are animals with a backbone.
There are five groups of vertebrates:
Amphibians
Birds
Fish
Mammals
Reptiles

15. Endo or Ecto?
Endothermic means their body temperature does not change much, even when the temperature of the environment changes. (Warm Blooded)
Mammals and Birds
Ectothermic means their body temperature changes with the environment. (cold blooded)
Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles

16. Fish Have wet scales Lays eggs in water Lives in water
Uses gills for breathing
Ectothermic

17. Amphibians Have moist skin Obtains oxygen through lungs and skin
Lay jelly coated eggs in water
Lives on land and water
Ectothermic

18. Reptiles Have dry scales Lay waterproof eggs on land
Skin is adapted to keep water in the body
Breaths through lungs
Ectothermic

19. Birds Have feathers, scales on feet and legs and hollow bones
Have a gizzard that holds small stones to help grind food
Have a four chambered heart
Lay hard shelled eggs
Endothermic

20. Mammals Have hair or fur and produce milk Specialized teeth
Give birth to live offspring (no eggs)
Have a four chambered heart
Endothermic

21. Summary of Vertebrates

22. Invertebrates These are animals without a backbone
There are eight groups of invertebrates
Mollusks
Flatworms
Segmented Worms
Roundworms
Sponges
Echinoderms
Cnidarians
Arthropods

23. Sponges
Filter feed
Simplest Animals

24. Worms Bilateral symmetry Have head and tail ends
Simplest organism with a brain

25. Flatworms
Have flat worm like bodies
Tapeworms and planarians

26. Annelids—Segmented Worms
Have bodies made up of many linked sections
Earthworms

27. Roundworms Digestive system is like a tube open at both ends
Have bodies with no segments

28. Arthropods Have There are four group of arthropods: segmented bodies
Jointed appendages
External skeleton
There are four group of arthropods:
Arachnids
Centipedes & Millipedes
Crustaceans
Insects

29. Arthropods - Arachnid Have four pairs of legs.
Have bodies divided into two sections

30. Arthropods – Centipedes & Millipedes
Have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each of their many body sections

31. Arthropods - Crustacean
Have five-seven pairs of legs
First pair often used as pincers
Bodies covered in shell

32. Arthropods - Insects Have three pairs of legs
Bodies divided into three sections
Often have wings

33. Mollusks Soft bodies, some have a hard outer shell, foot for moving
Three Groups
Gastropod-most diverse
Bivalve
Cephalopod

34. Cnidarians Have stinging tentacles Radial Symmetry Two body forms
Medusa-the form during the movement stage of life
Polyp- sessile (doesn’t move)

35. Madusa Polyp
Shaped like a bowl
Shaped like a vase

36. Echinoderms Have radial symmetry Have spiny outer covering
Have a water vascular system