1. Introduction to the Animal Kingdom
Chapter 26

2. What is an Animal? They share certain characteristics
Heterotrophs
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Bodies contain tissues – no cell wall
Either invertebrates or vertebrates

3. Invertebrates
95% of all animals are here These animals DO NOT have a backbone, spinal column (notochord) Examples: Dust mites, giant squids, worms, insects, etc.

4. Vertebrates
Other 5% of the animals HAVE a spinal column (notochord) Examples: Fish, amphibians, reptiles birds and mammals

5. What animals do to survive
Animals carry out 7 essential functions:
Feeding
Respiration
Circulation
Excretion
Response
Movement
Reproduce

6. Feeding Animals need to eat food Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores
Detritivores
Filter feeders
Symbiotic relationship

7. Feeding
ls/bugs-animals/ants-and- termites/ant_caterpillarsymbiosis.html

8. Respiration
Take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide Some rely on diffusion through their skin Other have complex tissue and organ systems

9. Circulation
Diffuse oxygen, waste, and nutrients through the skin Or Have closed circulatory systems

10. Excretion Remove ammonia from cells and body
Ammonia has nitrogen; in large amounts it can kill an animal
Removes other metabolic wastes

11. Response Response to environmental events by using specialized cells
Nerve cells
Examples are:
responses to light,
sound, etc.

12. Movement
The ability to be motile Have muscles that move supported by a skeletal system In sedentary animals- muscles feed and pump water and other fluids through the body

13. Hydrostatic skeletons
Layers of circular and longitudinal muscles that enable movement
Ex.) worms

14. Exoskeleton
External skeleton; tough external covering that protects and supports the body of many invertebrates
Ex.) insects

15. Endoskeleton Structural support located inside the body
Ex.) sea stars, humans

16. Reproduction
Sexually
Asexually

17. Trends in Animal Evolution page 660 – fill-in the blanks on the diagram
Different phyla are related through a common evolutionary heritage Cell specialization Internal body organization Bilateral body symmetry Cephalization Body cavity

18. Cell Specialization Blastopore formed from blastula
-Protosome
-Deuterostome
Cells form in 3 layers
Endoderm- Inner most layer
Mesoderm- Middle layer
Ectoderm- Outer most layer

19. Body Symmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry
Body parts repeat around the center of the body
Example-cnidarians, jelly-fish
Bilateral Symmetry
2 equal halves from the plane of symmetry
Example- Cray fish or Humans

20. Radial vs. Bilateral Symmetry
Copy the diagrams and vocabulary

21. Cephalization
Concentration of sense organs and never cells in the front of the body
Anterior end move forward

22. Body Cavity Formation Allows for the formation of organs
Suspended and protected
Not pressed on by muscles
Not twisted out of shape by movement
Leaves room for growth and expansion

23. Body Cavity Formation In other animals, the space contains fluids for:
Circulation
Feeding
Excreting